Research 1Lesson 1 to 63rdQuarterName: _____________________________________Specialization: ______________________________Grade 11Prepared by:Rayjean P. DoblasINFORMATION SHEETSLESSON 1: The Importance of Research in Daily LifeLearning Competencies The learners shall be able to shares research experiences and knowledge CS_RS11-IIIa- explains the importance of research in daily life CS_RS11-IIIa- Show WHAT IS RESEARCH? 1. Research is defined as the scientific investigation of phenomena which includes collection, presentation, analysis and interpretation of facts that lines an individual‘s speculation with reality. 2. Solutions to problems must be based on knowledge not on mere beliefs, guesses or theories. 3. In research a systematic and well-planned procedure is required to meet the need in order that information is acquired and evaluate its accuracy and effectiveness. 4. It is a process of inquiring. ####### NATURE OF INQUIRY
####### DIFFERENTIATE INQUIRY FROM RESEARCH Inquiry is a term that is synonymous with the word ‘investigation’. When you inquire or investigate, you tend to ask questions to probe or examine something to request for truth, information, or knowledge. Research is systematic and objective creation of knowledge systematic (with a system or method, the scientific method), objective (no bias, all angles presented), knowledge creation (a creative process) ####### PURPOSE OF RESEARCH
####### IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH IN DAILY LIFE
What are these ethics in research? 1. Informed Consent. This is required to secure in order protect the rights of the participants in your study. Inform your participants about the criteria set for choosing them as informants and the schedule of one-on one interview at the convenient time they are available. Participation to the study will be completely voluntary. 2. Honesty. It reports data, results, methods and procedures, and publication status. Do not fabricate, falsify and misrepresent the data. 3. Objectivity. Avoid bias in experimental design, data analysis, data interpretation peer review, personnel decisions, grant writing, expert testimony, and other aspects of research. 4. Integrity. Keep your promises and agreements; act with sincerity; strive for consistency of thought and action. 5. Carefulness. Avoid careless errors and negligence; carefully and critically examine your work and the work of peers. Keep good records of research activities. 6. Openness. Share data, results, ideas, tools and resources. Be open to criticism and new ideas. 7. Respect for Intellectual Property. Honour patents, copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets and other forms of intellectual property. Do not use published or unpublished data, methods, or results without permission. Give credit where credit is due. Never plagiarize, fabricate and falsify. 8. Confidentiality. Protect confidential communications, such as papers or grants submitted for publication, personnel records, trade or military secrets, and patient records. 9. Responsible Mentoring. Help to educate, mentor, and advise others. Promote their welfare and allow them to make their own decisions. 10. Responsible Publication. Publish in order to advance research and scholarship, not to advance your own career. Avoid wasteful and duplicative publication. 11. Respect for Colleagues. Respect your colleagues’ opinion, treat them fairly and do not outsmart others. 12. Social responsibility. Strive to promote social acceptance and prevent or mitigate social harms through research, public education, and advocacy. 13. Non-discrimination. Avoid discrimination against colleagues or students on the basis of sex, race, ethnicity, or other factors that are not related to their scientific competence and integrity. 14. Competence. Maintain and improve your own professional competence and expertise through lifelong education and learning; take steps to promote competence in science as a whole. 15. Legality. Know and obey relevant laws and institutional and government policies. 16. Animal Care. Show proper respect and care for animals when using them in research. Do not conduct unnecessary or poorly designed animal experiments. 17. Human Subjects protection. When conducting a research on human subjects, minimize harms and risks and maximize benefits; respect human dignity, privacy, and anonymity. RIGHTS OF RESEARCH PARTICIPANTS 1. Human Rights. They are moral principles or norms that describe certain standards of human behaviour and are regularly protected as natural and legal rights. They constitute a set of rights and duties necessary for the protection of human dignity, inherent to all human beings. 2. Intellectual Property. It protects creations of the mind, which have both a moral and a commercial value. 3. Copyright Infringement. It is the use or production of copyright-protected material without permission of the copyright holder. Copyright infringement means that the rights accorded to the copyright holder, such as the exclusive use of a work for a set period of time, are breached by a third party Examples: a. Downloading movies and music without proper payment for use. b. Recording movies in a theatre c. Using others’ photographs for a blog without permission d. Copying software code without giving proper credit e. Creating videos with unlicensed music clips 4. Voluntary Participation. People must not be coerced into participating in research process. Essentially, this means that prospective research participants must be informed about the procedures and risks involved in research and must give their consent to participate.
ETHICAL STANDARDS IN RESEARCH WRITING Research Misconduct includes fabrication, falsification, or plagiarism. It doesn’t include honest error of differences of opinion. It can erode trust between researchers and funding agencies, which make it more difficult for colleagues at the same institution to receive grants. PLAGIARISM Plagiarism refers to the act of using another person’s ideas, works, processes, and results without giving due credit. It should not be tolerated as the unauthorized use of original works, a violation of intellectual property rights. Three different acts are considered plagiarism: 1. Failure to cite quotations and borrowed ideas, 2. Failure to enclose borrowed language in quotation marks, and. 3. Failure to put summaries and paraphrases in your own words. LESSON 3: QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE RESEARCHLearning Competencies The learners shall be able to differentiates quantitative from qualitative research CS_RS11-IIIa-
Qualitative Quantitative** Objective It aims to create new theory based on the gathered data. A fact-finding research used to gain understanding of individual differences in terms of feelings and experiences. The purpose is to test a hypothesis or theory. Measures problem using rating scale and other research parameters of group similarities. Data Description natural setting making stories out of a certain phenomenon. Uses pictures, words, sentences, paragraphs, compositions, narrations and short stories measurement setting performs measures out of a certain phenomenon. Uses numbers, scales, hypotheses, calculations, computations and statistics tools. Sample (size) Small judgment (by decision) sampling Large sample representatives of population Data Gathering Unstructured or semi structured (flexible processes) Uses interviews, participant observation, group discussions. Ex: Case Study, field research Uses open ended questions. It is a freeform survey questions allow a participant to answer in open-te xt format, responses are unlimited to a set of options. Example: Guide questions for the interviews
Standardized /Structured Uses census, survey questionnaire, checklist, paper pencil test and experimentation. Uses closed ended questions. This questions can only be answered by selecting from a limited number of options, usually “multiple-choice”, “yes” or no”, or a rating scale Example: Strongly agree to strongly disagree In quantitative research closed ended questions are the basis of all statistical analysis techniques applied on questionnaires and surveys. Sample Question: Do you agree on online modality class in transitioning the new normal of education? a. Strongly agree b. Agree c. Disagree d. Strongly disagree ####### WEAKNESSES OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
KINDS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH 1. Case Study - Long time study of a person, group, organization or situation and an empirical inquiry that investigates current phenomenon. Example: “Teenage Pregnancy in the Public High Schools” 2. Ethnography- a study of a particular cultural group. Example: “Cultural Awareness and Integration of Peace Education in the Indigenous Peoples (IP) Communities”. 3. Phenomenology- “live-experienced” of a phenomenon. Example: “Life without Gadget” 4. Content and Discourse Analysis- Content Analysis- is a research technique that analyzes the modes of communication such as letters, e-mails etc. Discourse Analysis- is the study of social life, understood through analysis of language it includes face-to -face talk, non-verbal interaction, images and symbols. Materials for Discourse Analysis include books, newspapers, periodicals, brochures and advertisements. Example: “A Discourse Analysis on the Impact of Modern Technologies on Communication” 5. Historical Analysis- is a qualitative method where there is an examining of past events to draw conclusions and make predictions about the future. Example: “The Impact of Ferdinand Marcos’ Speech”
Learning Competencies The learners shall be able to Illustrates the importance of qualitative research across fields CS_RS11-IIIb-
starts from the respondents’ perspectives, expressions, and activities in their local context. In this case, qualitative research is important across many fields of inquiry because it is designed for social sciences, psychology, and other fields. With this, qualitative research would verify or validate the tendencies, transform it into research programs, and maintain the necessary changes toward its objectives and tasks. For example, qualitative research can be employed in health care research. One may study people’s experiences of and access to health care. Various perspectives of patients and professionals can be understood using qualitative research. An individual’s experiences, attitudes, and circumstances in life that affect his/her health needs and behavior can likewise be studied. It is important because it: Provides insight into the complexity of common occurrences Provides specific concrete details to guide understanding in a particular setting Provides insight into the “local” meanings that activities and practices have for participants Develops a comparative understanding of phenomena as experienced by different participants in different settings. LESSON 6: THE SUBJECT MATTER OF THE RESEARCHLearning Competencies The learners shall be able to designs a research project related to daily life Week 3 to 4 CS_RS11-IIIce- writes a research title CS_RS11-IIIce- provides the justifications/reasons for conducting the research CS_RS11-IIIce- WHAT IS A RESEARCH TITLE? 1. The most important element that defines the research problem. 2. It is usually read first and the most read part of the research. 3. It contains the least words enough to describe the contents and the purpose of your research paper. 4. It can be revised any and many times as the research develops and reach its final phase. It becomes final on its final defense before the panel of judges. ELEMENTS OF A RESEARCH TITLE The research title does not need to be entertaining but informative. A part of a research title has the following information: 1. The subject matter or topic to be investigated. (“What?”) 2. The place or locale where the research is to be conducted. (“Where?”) 3. The population like the respondents’ interviewees. (“Who”?) 4. The time period of the study during which the data are to be collected. (“When”?) Examples: Subject matter: The teaching of English Place or locale: in the high schools of Province A Time period: during the school year 1989- 1990 Population: as perceived by teachers and students Subject matter: The effects of the use of cell phones on the academic performance Population: to senior high school students Place or locale: at Department of Education Time period: during the first semester, school year 2018 - ####### PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 ####### TASK SHEETS LESSON 1: The Importance of Research in Daily LifeSubmission: February 27, 2021 Written Task: ଵ A. True or False. Read the following statements. Answer TRUE if the statement describes a research, FALSE if you think it is not. Write your answers on the blank. _______1. An opinion from any person is recognized and considered as an answer to the question asked by the researcher. _______2. A researcher must read literature that relates to the problem he or she is studying. _______3. The researcher has the final say in his findings. _______4. To have an objective view of his or her study, the researcher should avoid listening to another researcher. _______5. There should be adequate data before conducting a research B. Enumeration. List down the 3 purpose of research 1. 2. 3. Define as “a seeking for truth, information or knowledge”. 4. It is a process of inquiring. 5. Performance Task: ଵ Question and Answer. Directions: Answer the questions briefly. Write your answers on the space provided. (2 points each)
Submission: February 27, 2021 Written Task: ଵ A. Direction: Identify what characteristic of a researcher is being referred to in the following statements. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
Performance Task: ଵ B. Question and Answer. Directions: Answer the questions briefly. Write your answers on the space provided. (2 points each)
Performance Task: ଵ B. Can you recognize the nature of qualitative research; its characteristics, strengths, and weaknesses? Kindly provide your brief explanation. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH Characteristics Strengths Weaknesses LESSON 5: THE IMPORTANCE OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH ACROSSFIELDS OF INQUIRYSubmission: March 27, 2021 Written Task: ଶ Performance Task: 5 A. Given the following Research topics, name the specific subject on each topic and give the importance on researching such topic in a person’s day to day life. The first one is done for you. 1. Nutrient Contents of Spices and Herbs 2. Juan dela Cruz: A Filipino Inventor 3. Parents Views About The New Normal Education 4. Body Parts of a Korean Car 5. Bacteria in a Food
Topic Subject Importance 1 Spices and Herbs To know its nutrient content use as medicine. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 B. Essay Explain the importance of Qualitative research. (5 points) LESSON 6: THE SUBJECT MATTER OF THE RESEARCHSubmission: March 27, 2021 Written Task: ଶ A. Given the following broad topics for research, select one topic of your choice and narrow or limit the topic to make it specific. Use the narrowing chart to fill in the topic. Topics to choose: 1. Climate Change 2. Social Networking 3. Communication Skills 4. Medicinal Plants 5. Cultural Beliefs Example: Topic Chocolate Topic Chocolate Sub-Topics History of chocolate, making of chocolate, health aspects of chocolate, chocolate addictions, brands of chocolate What sub-topics are of most interest to you? Health aspects of chocolate What new questions do you have about your topic? Are there health benefits to eating chocolate? Can chocolate boost your mood? Is chocolate addictive? Develop a topic statement. I will explore the health benefits of eating chocolate, specifically focusing on how ch ocolate affects moods and brain chemistry. Your Turn! Topic Sub-Topics What sub-topics are of most interest to you? What new questions do you have about your topic? Develop a topic statement. Performance Task: ଵ B. Thinking back, what subject matter most interesting to you? Propose a title out of the above research topics. Write your title on the spaces provided. Subject Matter Population/Respondent Place Time period Proposed Research Title What exemplifies the importance of mentoring?Which of the following statements best exemplifies the importance of mentoring? A mechanism to transmit values and standards of professional conduct.
Which of the following most accurately describes good mentoring?Which of the following most accurately describes good mentoring practice? Encouraging trainees to receive mentoring from a collection of individuals.
Which of the following is most directly related to successful mentoring quizlet?Which of the following is most directly related to successful mentoring? Someone who is committed to the professional development of the trainee.
What is the most important aspect of mentoring?Building trust
To build a mentor-mentee relationship the most important aspect is to establish a trust relationship.
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