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Get faster at matching terms Terms in this set (177)Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) is an enzyme that aids in the decomposition of ethyl alcohol (C2H5OH) into nontoxic substances. Methyl alcohol acts as a competitive inhibitor of ethyl alcohol by competing for the same active site on ADH. When attached to ADH, methyl alcohol is converted to formaldehyde, which is toxic in the body. Which of the following statements best predicts the effect of increasing the concentration of substrate (ethyl alcohol), while keeping the concentration of the inhibitor (methyl alcohol) constant? Competitive inhibition will decrease because the proportion of the active sites occupied by substrate will increase. A researcher claims that the
synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi) is essential to cellular function. ATP hydrolysis is an energy-releasing reaction that is often coupled with reactions that require an input of energy. A researcher claims that only a portion of the light energy captured by green plants is available for growth and repair. Which of the following observations best helps justify the researcher's claim? As light energy is converted to chemical energy by metabolic processes, some of the energy is lost as heat. Figure 1. ATP production by three metabolic pathways following the start of an intense period of exercise ATP production by the phosphagen system increases and decreases rapidly following the start of the exercise period. If the experiment is repeated at pH 11, the observed activity level of the enzyme will most likely be lower than the level at pH 9 A researcher claims that increased
atmospheric carbon dioxide levels cause increased growth rates in plants. Atmospheric carbon dioxide is the raw material for photosynthesis, which plants rely on for producing sugars and other organic compounds. In chloroplasts, ATP is synthesized from ADP plus inorganic phosphate (Pi) in a reaction catalyzed by ATP synthase molecules that are embedded in the thylakoid membrane. Which of the following statements provides evidence to support the claim that no ATP will be synthesized in the absence of a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane? No ATP is synthesized when channel proteins that allow the free passage of protons are inserted into the thylakoid membrane. A scientist claims that Elysia chlorotica, a species of sea slug,
is capable of photosynthesis. Elysia chlorotica grows when exposed to light in the absence of other food sources. Phosphofructokinase (PFK) is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate during glycolysis, as represented in Figure 1. Which of the following is the benefit of regulating glycolysis by the concentration of ATP? Glycolysis proceeds when the intracellular concentration of ATP is low, which provides ATP to drive cellular reactions. Which of the following best predicts how the structure and function of pepsin will change as it enters the small intestine? Pepsin will change in shape because of the basic environment of the small intestine; therefore, its enzymatic activity will decrease. To test the hypothesis that a particular plant synthesizes storage lipids by using glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) from photosynthesis, a researcher plans to use radiolabeled precursors to track the molecules through the biosynthetic pathway. Which of the following radiolabeled precursors is most appropriate for the researcher to use? 14C-labeled CO2, because atmospheric carbon is fixed to carbohydrates by photosynthesis A researcher proposes a model of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction in which a reactant is converted to a product. The model is based on the idea that the reactant passes through a transition state within the enzyme-substrate complex before the reactant is converted to the product. Which of the following statements best helps explain how the enzyme speeds up the reaction? The enzyme's active site binds to and stabilizes the transition state, which decreases the activation energy of the reaction. The enzyme hexokinase catalyzes the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate, which is an important step in glycolysis. The reaction involves the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to glucose. Which of the following statements best helps explain the reaction specificity of hexokinase? Glucose has the right shape and charge to cause hexokinase to undergo a structural change needed for catalysis, whereas water does not. Which of the following statements best justifies the inclusion of test tubes 3 and 7 in the experiment? They will show whether the isolated cellular contents have enzymatic activity. Which of the following actions will provide the most appropriate negative control for the experiment? Repeating the experiment with denatured enzymes A researcher designs an experiment to investigate the effect of environmental temperature on the function of an enzyme. For each trial included in the experiment, the researcher will add the enzyme and its substrate to an aqueous buffer solution and then measure the amount of product formed over 20 minutes. Which of the following must remain the same for all trials of this experiment? The initial concentration of the substrate Which of the following questions will best direct an investigation of the mechanism of ATP synthase? Is the phosphorylation of ADP by ATP synthase dependent on the formation of a proton gradient? According to the data, the crickets at 25oC have greater oxygen consumption per gram of tissue than do the crickets at 10oC. This trend in oxygen consumption is the opposite of that in the mice. The difference in trends in oxygen consumption among crickets and mice is due to their mode of internal temperature regulation The figures can best assist in answering which of the following questions? Do electron transport chains create a gradient so that ATP synthase can generate ATP molecules? In an experiment, a scientist isolates mitochondria from living cells and suspends them in two different buffered solutions. One solution is maintained at pH 4, while the other solution is maintained at pH 9. The scientist finds that mitochondria in the solution at pH 4 continue to produce ATP but those in the pH 9 solution do not. The results of the experiment can be used as evidence in support of which of the following scientific claims about mitochondrial activity? ATP production in mitochondria requires a hydrogen ion gradient that favors movement of protons into the mitochondrial matrix. Cyanobacteria contain a variety of pigment molecules, as shown in Table 1. As a result, the color of cyanobacteria cultures can vary significantly based on the relative amount of each pigment produced. In green light, more phycoerythrin molecules are produced, allowing more green light to be absorbed, thus increasing photosynthesis. If an individual with diabetes consumes food that is high in simple carbohydrates, blood-sugar levels can rise above normal levels. Which of the following questions would provide the best direction for a researcher who wanted to study the impact of abnormally high blood-sugar levels on cellular homeostasis in diabetics? Does water move from cells into blood vessels more rapidly in diabetics than in nondiabetics when blood-sugar levels are higher than normal? Strenuous exercise lowers the blood pH, causing the curves for both hemoglobin and myoglobin to shift to the right. This shift results in an unloading of O2 at higher partial pressures In most freshwater fish, nitrogenous waste is primarily excreted as ammonia, which is highly soluble in water and is toxic at low concentrations. In terrestrial mammals, ammonia is converted to urea before it is excreted. Urea is also highly soluble in water but is less toxic than ammonia at low concentrations. Which of the following best explains why freshwater fish do not convert ammonia to urea for excretion? The dilution of ammonia by direct excretion into freshwater conserves energy. A researcher claims that different
metabolic pathways allow bacteria to use different molecules as sources of matter and energy. E. coli bacteria reproduce in liquid media containing either glucose or galactose. Which of the following questions will be best direct an investigation of the mechanism of ATP synthase? Is the phosphorylation of ADP by ATP synthase dependent on the formation of a proton gradient? alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) is an enzyme that aids in the decomposition of ethyl alcohol (C2H5OH) into nontoxic substances. Methyl alcohol acts as a competitive inhibitor of ethyl alcohol by competing for the same active site on ADH. When attached to ADH, methyl alcohol is converted to formaldehyde, which is toxic in the body. Which of the following statements best predicts the effect of increasing the concentration of substrate (ethyl alcohol), while keeping the concentration of the inhibitor (methyl alcohol) constant? Competitive inhibition will decrease because the proportion of the active sites occupied by substrate will increase An intermediate electron acceptor for oxidation that occur in both glycolysis and Krebs cycle reactions NAD+ Two types of these molecules are produced from glucose during glycolysis Pyruvate A researcher claims that increased atmospheric carbon dioxide levels cause increased growth rates in plants. Which of the following statements best supports the researcher's claim? Atmosphere carbon dioxide is the raw material for photosynthesis, which plants rely on for producing sugars and other organic compounds Carbohydrate-synthesizing reactions of photosynthesis directly require Products of the light reactions During respiration, most ATP is formed as a direct result of the net movement of protons down a concentration gradient Which of the following statements best helps explain the reaction specificity of an enzyme? The shape and charge of the substrate are compatible with the active site of the enzyme Oxygen consumption can be used as a measure of metabolic rate because oxygen is Necessary for ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation In addition to be the pigments commonly associated with photosynthesis, a certain photosynthesis species contains two additional pigment types. Which of the following best supports the claim that this species is better adapted to environmental changes than other photosynthesis species are? The additional pigments allow the species containing them to harvest energy from wavelengths of light that the other photosynthetic species cannot use Process found in both photosynthesis and cellular respiration Chemiosmosis Process in which carbon from CO2 is incorporated into organic molescules Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle) Process in which CO2 is released as a by-product of oxidation-reduction reactions Calvin cycle (light-independent reactions of photosynthesis) Process in which O2 is released as a by-product of oxidation-reduction reaction Light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis Process in which sugar is oxidized to pyruvic acid Glycolysis The chemical reaction for photosynthesis is If the input water is labeled with a radioactive isotope of oxygen, 180, then the oxygen gas released as the reaction proceeds is also labeled with 180. Which of the following id the most likely explaination? During the light reactions of photosynthesis, water is split, removing electrons and protons, and oxygen gas is released. The energy required to run the Calvin cycle reactions of photosynthesis comes from which two substances produced during the light-dependent reactions? ATP and NADPH The O2 released during photosynthesis comes from H20 The reactions of glycosis occur in the Cytosol Which metabolic process is common to both aerobic cellular respiration and alcoholic fermentation? Glycolysis Which of the following can be used to determine the rate of enzyme-catalyzed reactions? Rate of disappearance of the subtrate Aminolevulinate
dehydratase (ALAD) is an enzyme that relies on zinc as a coenzyme. A zinc ion binds to the ALAD active site, where it forms favorable interactions with the side chains of three amino acids. Researchers have found that substituting a lead ion for a zinc ion in the ALAD active site causes inhibition of ALAD. It changes the three-dimensional structure of the active site so that ALAD is no longer compatible with its substrate. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is a protein that catalyzes the conversion of acetylcholine to acetate and choline. When the concentration of AChE in an aqueous solution is held constant, the rate of the reaction catalyzed by AChE increases with increasing concentrations of substrate. At low concentrations of acetylcholine, a small increase in the substrate concentration results in a
large increase in the reaction rate. At high concentrations of acetylcholine, however, a large increase in the substrate concentration results in only a small increase in the reaction rate. The active site of AChE is specific for acetylcholine, and only one substrate molecule can occupy the active site at a time. A researcher proposes a model to explain how enzyme-substrate interactions determine enzyme specificity. The model is based on the idea that substrate molecules form favorable interactions with the amino acid side chains in an enzyme's active site. A molecule with negative charges interacts with positively charged side chains in the enzyme's active site. A set of five additional test tubes were prepared and used as controls. Which of the following best describes the contents expected to be contained in one of the five control test tubes? pH 4 buffer solution and hydrogen peroxide only Which test tubes are controls in the experiment? Test tubes 1, 3, 5, and 7 Which of the following statements best helps justify the inclusion of group 2 as one of the controls in the experiment? It will show whether the changes observed in group 1 depend on the metabolic activity of soil bacteria. Which of the following statements best helps justify the inclusion of test tube 5 in the experiment? It will act as a control for test tube 6 by showing the effect of the presence or absence of the enzyme. Researchers investigated the effect of urea on the three-dimensional structure of a certain enzyme. The researchers dissolved the enzyme in an aqueous buffer solution and added urea to the solution. The enzyme did not appear to have a secondary or tertiary structure. The
researchers carefully removed the urea from the solution and determined that the enzyme had the original secondary and tertiary structure again. Function will be disrupted by adding the urea and regained by removing the urea. Which of the following best predicts the immediate result of adding more substrate to the reaction mixture at the point indicated by the arrow in Figure 1? The amount of product will increase until the reaction reaches its equilibrium point or until the substrate is used up by the reaction. Based on the data, scientists claim that the reproductive behavior of European flycatchers is influenced by the availability of energy sources. Which of the following statements best justifies this claim? Young European flycatchers hatch from eggs when caterpillar biomass is available for the young birds to consume and convert into energy for growth. A researcher claims that the incorporation of carbon dioxide into organic molecules during photosynthesis does not violate the second law of thermodynamics. The total system that includes photosynthetic organisms and the Sun becomes less ordered over time. Which of the following statements provides reasoning that supports the claim that brown fatty tissue keeps an animal warm? The uncoupling protein in this tissue reduces the proton gradient across the membrane and thus produces heat to warm the animal without ATP production Which of the following graphs best represents data from the experiment that will support the researcher's claim? B A researcher claims that the initial rise of oxygen in Earth's early atmosphere, which occurred approximately 2.3 billion years ago, resulted from the metabolic activity of prokaryotic organisms. The claim is based on an interpretation of
the geochemical and fossil evidence represented in Figure 1. Evidence that the cyanobacteria produced oxygen as a by-product of photosynthesis A researcher claims that a certain herbicide suppresses plant growth by inhibiting chloroplast function. To test the claim, the researcher treats isolated chloroplasts with increasing
concentrations of the herbicide. The data from the experiment are presented in Table 1. ATP synthase activity depends on a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane. A researcher claims that genetic variation provides organisms with the ability to survive and reproduce in different environments. To support the
claim, the researcher makes the following observation: bacteria that contain plasmids (small DNA molecules) are resistant to a wider range of antibiotics than are bacteria that contain no plasmids. Some plasmids contain antibiotic resistance genes. Phycobiliproteins are a complex of accessory
pigments and proteins found in cyanobacteria but not in green algae. A researcher claims that the phycobiliprotein pigments in cyanobacteria allow the cyanobacteria to survive in certain aquatic niches better than green algae can. The additional pigments absorb light at wavelengths that green algae cannot absorb; this may allow cyanobacteria to capture more light energy for photosynthesis than green algae can in certain areas. A researcher claims that budding yeast are able to survive in different environments because they produce enzymes that allow them to use different molecules as sources of matter and energy. Yeast cells produce invertase, which is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of the disaccharide sucrose into glucose and fructose. Based on Figure 1, which of the following statements best predicts the effect that a change from a moderately acidic environment (pH near 6) to a basic environment will have on peroxidase activity? Peroxidase activity will decrease. Which of the following actions will provide a negative control for the investigation? Repeating the experiment using heat-denatured peroxidase One of the researchers proposes using oxygen gas production to measure reaction rates. Which of the following statements best justifies the use of the proposed modification as a way of creating an appropriate control for the investigation? The experiment can be repeated without guaiacol, which will reveal the effect of guaiacol on the reaction rates. Warfarin is a drug used to treat certain blood clots. Warfarin blocks the formation of the active form of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors. Based on the model, which of the following best predicts the effects of warfarin on a patient? Factor X will not be activated, which will prevent thrombin from forming.
Based on the sample means, which of the following conclusions about the cells in the growing root tips of Zea mays seedlings is best supported by the results of the experiment? More cells are produced per unit of time in the root tips growing in compact sand than in the root tips growing in loose sand. Which of the following best explains a possible mechanism that would enable the hormone to efficiently reach all of the target cells in the body? The hormone is released into the bloodstream where it can be transported to all cells with the correct receptors. Which of the following best describes the role of cell-to-cell communication during a response to an invasion of antigens? Chemicals that are secreted from antigen-presenting cells then activate helper T cells. Based on Figure 1, which of the following statements correctly links a stage of the cell cycle with the event occurring at that stage? Synthesis of sufficient DNA for two daughter cells occurs in stage II Which of the following steps in a signaling pathway typically occurs first once a chemical messenger reaches a target cell? A ligand binds to a receptor. Which of the following statements is consistent with the data in Figure 1? There is a change from 3 to 6 picograms of DNA because DNA is replicated before each round of cell division. Which of the following statements best justifies the claim that changes in the expression of ced−9 in C. elegans can affect regulation of apoptosis in the cell? An experiment showed that a mutation in the ced−9ced−9 gene led to excessive cell death in C. elegans. Which of the following changes in the FGFR signaling pathway is most likely to result in uncontrolled cell proliferation? The irreversible association of FGFRFGFR proteins Which of the following best predicts the effect of a mutation that causes EGFR to be active in the absence of a growth factor? Increased cell division will lead to the formation of a tumor. Which of the following best describes the component that metformin represents in a signal transduction pathway that regulates glucose production in the liver? It is a ligand that activates the signal transduction pathway of the activation of AMPK. Which statement best predicts why a cell's progression through the cell cycle might be halted at the G1/S checkpoint? Damage occurred to DNA when it was being copied in G1. Which of the following will most likely result from a loss of p53 function? Uncontrolled cell proliferation Based on the data, the percent of the mitotic cells that were in metaphase is closest to which of the following? 18% Which of the following outcomes will most likely result from the inactivation of the beta-2 adrenergic receptor? The rate of glycogen synthesis in the cell will increase. Which of the following statements best describes a primary function of plasmodesmata? They allow the movement of molecules from one cell to another, enabling communication between cells. Which statement provides the evidence to justify the claim that signal transduction may result in an altered phenotype? If the SRY gene is absent or nonfunctional, the embryo will exhibit female sexual development. Which of the following best predicts what will happen to the blood glucose level if the person has another meal at 5 p.m.? Immediately after the meal, the blood glucose level will increase, and then insulin will be secreted to counter the increase. Which of the following describes a critical role of cAMP during the transduction stage of a G protein signal transduction pathway? cAMP results in the activation of an enzyme that amplifies the signal by acting on many substrate molecules. A researcher found a mutation that resulted in the PFK enzyme being unable to bind ATP to the allosteric site. Which of the following best predicts the effect of the mutation? Negative feedback regulation does not occur, so the enzyme will be active when glycolysis is not needed. Which of the following most accurately describes an observation and an effect of the viral infection indicated by the data in Table 1? Seventy-five percent of the virus-infected cells are found in mitosis. The virus stimulates frequent cell division. Which of the following justifies the claim that differences in components of cell signaling pathways explain the different responses to epinephrine? Cell signaling depends on the ability to detect a signal molecule. Not all cells have receptors for epinephrine. Only cells with such receptors are capable of responding. Based on Table 1, what percent of the life cycle of yeast cells is spent in DNA replication? 25 percent Which of the following statements best predicts the effect of a loss of function of the insulin receptor's intracellular domain? The storage of GLUT4 in vesicles inside the cell will increase. How many degrees of freedom should be used when looking up the critical value for a chi-square analysis of the ratios of phenotypes observed among the F2 offspring versus the expected phenotypic ratio assuming independent assortment? 3 The students plan to use a significance level of p=0.01. Which of the following is the most appropriate critical value for the students to use in their chi-square goodness-of-fit test? 11.34 Which of the following best predicts the effect of adding this inhibitor to a culture of plant cells? Plant cells will be unable to perform glycolysis due to the inhibitor and will die. Which of the following best explains how the leaves from the same plant can have different stomatal densities when exposed to an elevated carbon dioxide level? Leaf growth is promoted through increased photosynthesis, but the genetically regulated rate of stomatal production is not altered, leading to a decrease in stomatal density. A compound that prevents the separation of the homologous chromosomes in anaphase I is being studied. Which of the following questions can be best answered during this study? Is there a pattern to the movement of homologous chromosomes in the presence of this compound? Which of the following questions would be most useful to researchers trying to determine the role of meiosis in the F2 phenotypic frequencies? What is the recombination frequency between the genes for petal shape and pollen shape? For this condition, which of the following modes of inheritance is most consistent with the observations? Autosomal dominant For sexually reproducing diploid parent cells, which of the following statements best explains the production of haploid cells that occurs in meiosis but not in mitosis? Separation of chromatids occurs once, and there are two rounds of cell division in meiosis. Which of the following tables best shows the expected values in the F2 generation for a chi-square goodness-of-fit test for a model of independent assortment? B Which of the following statements best explains how the fur color can be different in Himalayan rabbits raised under different temperature conditions? The environment determines how the genotype is expressed. The mean number of fruit flies per student that are homozygous recessive for both genes is closest to which of the following? 29.0 If the woman and a man with normal clotting function have children, what is the probability of their children exhibiting hemophilia A? 50 percent for sons, 0 percent for daughters Which of the follow indicates the mean number per cross of F2 plants producing medium-red grain and correctly explains the distribution of the phenotypes? The mean number of medium-red phenotypes per cross is 20.8. The distribution of phenotypes suggests that multiple genes are involved in grain color determination. Based on Figure 1, which of the following questions could best be addressed? Does synapsis of homologous chromosomes in the parent cell contribute to an increase in genetic diversity in the daughter cells? Which of the following best explains how the sweet pea plants in the parental generation produce F1 offspring with 14 chromosomes? Meiosis I and II lead to the formation of cells with 7 chromosomes. During meiosis II, homologous chromosomes separate. During meiosis II, sister chromatids separate. Two cells combine during fertilization to produce offspring with 14 chromosomes. Based on the data in Figure 1, which of the following is the best prediction of the mode of inheritance of red eyes in Japanese koi? The allele for red eyes is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. Which of the following best explains a distinction between metaphase I and metaphase II? Homologous pairs of chromosomes are aligned during metaphase I, but individual chromosomes are aligned during metaphase II. Which of the following best predicts the effect of the chromosomal segregation error shown in Figure 1? Half of the resulting gametes will have the correct number of chromosomes, and the other half will have an incorrect number of chromosomes. Which of the following is closest to the calculated chi-square (χ2) value for the data presented in Table 1? 72.01 Which of the following is most likely the immediate cause of the first appearance of Huntington's disease in a person? An allele with more than 39 CAG repeats was inherited by the affected person. The researchers calculated a chi-square value of 29.25. If there are three degrees of freedom and the significance level is p=0.05, which of the following statements best completes the chi-square test? The critical value is 7.82, and the null hypothesis can be rejected because the calculated chi-square value is greater than the critical value. The mean map distance between gene R and gene L is closest to which of the following? 28 map units Which of the following best describes an advantage of the phenotypic plasticity displayed by the tadpoles? It gives the tadpoles increased versatility with respect to diet. What does the chemiosmotic process in chloroplasts involve? A) establishment of a proton gradient In glycolysis, for each molecule of glucose oxidized to pyruvate B) 2 molecules of ATP are used and 4 molecules of ATP are produced. In chemiosmotic phosphorylation, what is the most direct source of energy that is used to convert ADP + Pi to ATP? D) energy released from movement of protons through ATP synthase Which statement describes the functioning of photosystem II? D) The electron vacancies in P680 are filled by electrons derived from water. The primary role of oxygen in cellular respiration is to B) act as an acceptor for electrons and hydrogen, forming water. During aerobic respiration, which of the following directly donates electrons to the electron transport chain at the lowest energy level? E) FADH2 Which of the following is likely to lead to an increase in the concentration of ATP in a cell? B) an increase in a cell's catabolic activity What wavelength of light in the figure is most effective in driving photosynthesis? A) 420 mm Figure 10.1 shows the absorption spectrum for chlorophyll a and the action spectrum for D) Other pigments absorb light in addition to chlorophyll a. The oxygen consumed during cellular respiration is involved directly in which process or event? B) accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain In a plant cell, where are the ATP synthase complexes located? D) A and C....thylakoid membrane & plasma membrane Where does the Calvin cycle take place? A) stroma of the chloroplast Photorespiration lowers the efficiency of photosynthesis by preventing the formation of B) 3-phosphoglycerate molecules Which metabolic pathway is common to both cellular respiration and fermentation? D) glycolysis Why are C4 plants able to photosynthesize with no apparent photorespiration? B) They use PEP carboxylase to initially fix CO2 . What are the products of linear photophosphorylation? C) ATP and NADPH The ATP made during glycolysis is generated by A) substrate-level phosphorylation. The molecule that functions as the reducing agent (electron donor) in a redox or oxidation-reduction reaction B) loses electrons and loses energy. Which of the following is an example of potential rather than kinetic energy? D) a food molecule made up of energy-rich macromolecules When a molecule of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) gains a hydrogen atom (not a hydrogen ion) the molecule becomes C) reduced. What is proton-motive force? B) the transmembrane proton concentration gradient CAM plants keep stomata closed in daytime, thus reducing loss of water. They can do this because they fix CO2 into organic acids during the night. A molecule that is phosphorylated has an increased chemical reactivity; it is primed to do cellular work Which process in eukaryotic cells will proceed normally whether oxygen (O2) is present or absent? glycolysis In the absence of oxygen, yeast cells can obtain energy by fermentation, resulting in the production of ATP, CO2 , and ethanol (ethyl alcohol). The ATP made during fermentation is generated by which of the following? substrate-level phosphorylation As a research scientist, you measure the amount of ATP and NADPH consumed by the Calvin cycle in 1 cyclic electron flow Where are the molecules of the electron transport chain found in plant cells? thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts Generation of proton gradients across membranes occurs during both photosynthesis and respiration. Which of the following sequences correctly represents the flow of electrons during photosynthesis? H2O → NADPH → Calvin cycle Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and Photosynthesis stores energy in complex organic molecules, while respiration How many carbon atoms are fed into the citric acid cycle
as a result of the oxidation of one molecule of 2 . Synthesis of ATP by the chemiosmotic mechanism occurs during both photosynthesis and respiration. Inside an active mitochondrion, most electrons follow which pathway? citric acid cycle → NADH → electron transport chain → oxygen Reduction of NADP+ photosynthesis. Which of the following normally occurs whether or not oxygen (O2 ) is present? glycolysis Which of the following statements describes NAD+ NAD+ When hydrogen ions are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix across the inner membrane and into the creation of a proton gradient. Cellular respiration harvests the most chemical energy from which of the following? chemiosmotic phosphorylation In the process of carbon fixation, RuBP attaches a CO2 to produce a 6 carbon molecule, which is then regeneration of rubisco In the thylakoid membranes, what is the main role of the antenna pigment molecules? harvest photons and transfer light energy to the reaction-center chlorophyll During cellular respiration, acetyl CoA accumulates in which location? mitochondrial matrix Approximately how many molecules of ATP are produced from the complete oxidation of two molecules 76 P680+ This molecule results from the transfer of an electron to the primary electron What is the primary function of the Calvin cycle? synthesize simple sugars from carbon dioxide When oxygen is released as a result of photosynthesis, it is a by-product of which of the following? splitting the water molecules Assume a thylakoid is somehow punctured so that the interior of the thylakoid is no longer separated the synthesis of ATP How many reduced dinucleotides would be produced with four turns of the citric acid cycle? 4 FADH2 and 12 NADH Which of the following intermediary metabolites enters the citric acid cycle and is formed, in part, by the acetyl CoA In mitochondria, chemiosmosis translocates protons from the matrix into the intermembrane
space, the stroma to the thylakoid space Which of the events listed below occur in the light reactions of photosynthesis? light is absorbed and funneled to reaction-center chlorophyll a. Where does glycolysis takes place? cytosol Which term most precisely describes the cellular process of breaking down large molecules into smaller catabolism The splitting of carbon dioxide to form oxygen gas and carbon compounds occurs during neither photosynthesis nor respiration In addition to ATP, what are the end products of glycolysis? NADH and pyruvate The sugar that results from three "turns" of the Calvin cycle is glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P). The formation of starch in plants involves assembling many G3P molecules, with Where are the proteins of the electron transport chain located? mitochondrial inner membrane Which of the following are directly associated with photosystem I? receiving electrons from plastocyanin Which of the following statements best represents the relationships between the light reactions and the The
light reactions provide ATP and NADPH to the Calvin cycle, and the cycle During aerobic respiration, electrons travel downhill in which sequence? food → NADH → electron transport chain → oxygen Energy released by the electron transport chain is used to pump H+ ions into which location? mitochondrial intermembrane space Each time a molecule of glucose (C6H12O6 ) is completely oxidized via aerobic respiration, how many 6 Which of the following are products of the light reactions of photosynthesis that are utilized in the Calvin ATP and NADPH Sets with similar termsFinal AP Bio Exam100 terms bbowman19 BioLingo Metabolism91 terms Kyran33 Unit 1647 terms jasmin_nunez8 Bio Unit 339 terms tebersohl Sets found in the same folderBio test 321 terms samuelg378 Ap bio college board unit 346 terms alisea123PLUS QUIZ 524 terms olybett cool kids only32 terms thomas_lee4349 Other sets by this creatorAP Bio MCQ Exam 424 terms samuelg378 Unit 3 AP Bio Test63 terms samuelg378 Unit 2 AP Biology Multiple Choice42 terms samuelg378 AP Bio29 terms samuelg378 Verified questions
BIOLOGY Suppose that the probabilities are 0.4, 0.3, 0.2, and 0.1, respectively, that 0, 1, 2, or 3 power failures will strike a certain subdivision in any given year. Find the mean and variance of the random variable X representing the number of power failures striking this subdivision. Verified answer BIOLOGY Which of the following organelles are found in all cells? A. plasma membrane and ribosomes. B. mitochondria and chloroplasts. C. microtubules and lysosomes. D. Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum. Verified answer
BIOLOGY If the a and b loci are 20 m.u. apart in humans and an AB/ab woman mates with an ab/ab man, what is the probability that their first child will be Ab/ab? Verified answer
BIOLOGY What three ways are proteins important to the body? Verified answer Other Quizlet setsUnit 4 Vocabulary15 terms Nicole_Kilgore4 SOCIOLOGY FINAL EXAM82 terms danielle_bergeron8 Cons 2350 chapters 7-1212 terms kazmmh Related questionsQUESTION What are the steps of aerobic respiration? Where do each occur? 6 answers QUESTION What is the function of the sweat pore? 15 answers QUESTION what are fiberous proteins made up of? 15 answers QUESTION what is the unifying characteristic of lipids? 15 answers Which of the following statements best helps explain the reaction specificity of an enzyme quizlet?Which of the following statements best helps explain the reaction specificity of an enzyme? The shape and charge of the substrates are compatible with the active site of the enzyme.
Which of the following statements best helps explain how the lead ion causes inhibition of?Which of the following statements best helps explain how the lead ion causes inhibition of ALAD? It changes the three-dimensional structure of the active site so that ALAD is no longer compatible with its substrate.
Which of the following best predicts how the structure and function of pepsin will change as it enters the small intestine?Which of the following best predicts how the structure and function of pepsin will change as it enters the small intestine? Pepsin will change in shape because of the basic environment of the small intestine; therefore, its enzymatic activity will decrease.
Which of the following statements best helps explain the reaction specificity of hexokinase quizlet?Which of the following statements best helps explain the reaction specificity of hexokinase? Glucose has the right shape and charge to cause hexokinase to undergo a structural change needed for catalysis, whereas water does not.
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Which of the following statements best predicts the effect of increasing the concentration of substrate will keeping the concentration of the inhibitor constant?
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