Merrills GI review.docx - 1. Which of the following describes the function of the spleen? 1. Produces glucagon 2. Produces lymphocytes 3. Stores and Show
Term What is the recommended SID for a PA oblique projection of the sternum? DefinitionTerm True/False Instructing your patient to take in two deep breaths before making the exposure, is recommended for achieving a quality chest x-ray. DefinitionTerm Which of the following is the recommended respiration phase that should be used when examining the lower ribs? DefinitionTerm Which ribs are demonstrated on an AP oblique (RPO/LPO) projection? DefinitionTerm The part of the lung that extends above the clavicle is termed the: DefinitionTerm What is the central-ray angle for a PA chest radiograph? DefinitionTerm Which side of the patient's chest is placed against the IR for a ventral or dorsal decubitus lateral projection? DefinitionTerm The body habitus shown here, can be described as broad shouldered, with a short, wide lung base. It is called __________. DefinitionTerm Which of the following are required to produce a chest radiograph using a decubitus position? 1.) breathing technique 2.) patient in the recumbent position 3.) horizontal x-ray beam DefinitionTerm Which projection and body position will demonstrate the sternum through the heart? DefinitionTerm The above radiographic image demonstrates the right ribs elongated. There are only TWO views that will demonstrate the right ribs elongated. They are: DefinitionTerm What is the patient position for a lateral projection done in the dorsal decubitus position? DefinitionTerm How much is the body rotated for the PA oblique projection of the sternoclavicular articulation (body rotation technique)? DefinitionTerm How much should the body be rotated for a PA oblique projection of the sternum? DefinitionTerm When performing the PA oblique projection (body rotation technique) of the sternoclavicular articulations, which of the joints would be demonstrated? Definitionthe joint closest to the IR TermWhere is the center of the IR positioned for a PA projection of sternoclavicular joints? DefinitionTerm What is the purpose for rolling the patient's shoulders forward when positioning for a PA chest x-ray? Definitionmoves the scapulae out of the lung field TermWhat is the respiration phase for the PA projection of the upper ribs? DefinitionTerm Each lung is divided into specific segments called: DefinitionTerm If the lateral decubitus position is used to demonstrate fluid in the pleural cavity, which side must the patient lie on? DefinitionTerm Your patient is positioned in a 10-15 degree RAO to visualize the sternum. Which of the following correctly describes where the CR will enter the body? Definitionenters elevated side of posterior thorax, approximately 1 inch lateral to the midsagittal plane TermThe central-ray angle for a lateral sternum is: DefinitionTerm What is the recommended SID for a PA chest radiograph? DefinitionTerm Which of the following projections would be used to demonstrate the sternum on a trauma patient who must remain relatively supine? DefinitionTerm Which of the following is the essential projection and body position for demonstration of the sternum? DefinitionTerm What is the central-ray angle for the Lindblom method (apical lordotic position) of demonstrating the pulmonary apices? DefinitionTerm An LPO will demonstrate the: DefinitionTerm How is the central ray positioned for an x-ray projection done with the patient placed in a decubitus position? DefinitionTerm The space between the two pleural walls is called the: DefinitionTerm Where is the IR centered for a PA oblique sternum? Definitionseventh thoracic vertebra TermWhich of the following form the bony thorax? 1.) sternum 2.) 12 pairs of ribs 3.) 12 thoracic vertebrae DefinitionTerm The central ray for a PA projection of the upper ribs is: DefinitionTerm What is recommended on how long should the patient remain in position before making the exposure when performing a projection in the lateral or dorsal decubitus position? DefinitionTerm The costophrenic angle is a part of the: DefinitionTerm Which plane must be accurately parallel with the IR to prevent distortion of the thoracic structures during a lateral chest radiograph? DefinitionTerm What is the most optimal position of the patient for examinations of the heart and lungs? DefinitionTerm The respiratory system proper consists of the: 1.) larynx 2.) trachea and bronchi 3.) both lungs DefinitionTerm Where should the patient's hands be positioned for an upright lateral sternum? DefinitionTerm The central-ray angle for the PA oblique projection of the sternum is: DefinitionTerm How far above the shoulders should the IR be positioned for PA and lateral chest radiographs? DefinitionTerm The central-ray angulation for a PA projection of the sternoclavicular joint is: DefinitionTerm The presence of gas or air in the pleural cavity is termed: DefinitionTerm The aspiration of a foreign particle in the lung would be termed: DefinitionTerm Why is the left lateral chest position the most commonly used for lateral radiographs of the chest? Definitionpatient's heart is closer to the IR TermWhat is the optimal respiration phase for a PA or lateral chest radiograph? Definitionfull inspiration—second breath Which of the following is/are the recommended position(s) for optimal demonstration of the upper anterior ribs? 1.) recumbent 2.) standing 3.) seated upright DefinitionTerm Functions of the stomach include: 1.) storage of food 2.) absorption of food products 3.) chemical breakdown of food DefinitionTerm One of the most important technical considerations in gastrointestinal radiography is: DefinitionTerm Which of the following are advantages of using the double contrast technique for examination of the stomach? 1.) fewer radiographs are required 2.) small lesions are not obscured 3.) the mucosal lining of the stomach can be more clearly visualized DefinitionTerm If a patient is unable to stand for an upright AP abdominal radiograph, which position should be used? DefinitionTerm What is the general body position for images that the radiographer takes of the esophagus? DefinitionTerm One of the primary reasons a left lateral decubitus abdominal radiograph is performed is to demonstrate: DefinitionTerm A properly exposed abdominal radiograph will exhibit the: 1.) psoas muscles 2.) lower border of the liver 3.) transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae DefinitionTerm A specific radiographic examination of the biliary ducts is termed: DefinitionTerm For which of the following projections of the abdomen is the x-ray beam placed in the horizontal position? 1.) lateral 2.) PA, upright 3.) AP, lateral decubitus DefinitionTerm What is the respiration phase for an AP abdominal radiograph done in the supine position? DefinitionTerm The expanded portion of the terminal esophagus is called the: DefinitionTerm Where is the center of the IR positioned for an AP abdominal radiograph done in the upright position? Definition2 inches above the iliac crests TermThe routinely used methods of examining the stomach include: 1.) no contrast 2.) single contrast 3.) double contrast DefinitionTerm Food and fluid should be withheld for how many hours before a stomach examination? DefinitionTerm The most commonly performed abdominal examination is referred to as a(n): DefinitionTerm The patient "prep" for a morning stomach examination is: Definitionfood and fluid are withheld after midnight TermWhat is the average degree of body rotation for an oblique projection of the stomach and duodenum? DefinitionTerm The term rugae describes: DefinitionTerm Which of the following organ(s) is not in the retroperitoneal space? 1.) stomach 2.) gallbladder 3.) kidneys DefinitionTerm The muscle controlling the opening between the stomach and the duodenum is termed the: DefinitionTerm For all projections of the esophagus, the top of the IR is positioned at: DefinitionTerm Which projection of the stomach demonstrates its anterior and posterior surfaces? DefinitionTerm What is the recommended oblique projection and position for the best demonstration of the esophagus? DefinitionTerm True/False During an UGI, it is advisable to stand behind the radiologist when possible, to reduce exposure to yourself DefinitionTerm Which of the following is/are NOT common projections for an esophagus series? 1.) AP or PA 2.) left lateral decub 3.) RAO oblique DefinitionTerm Which of the following ensures air will rise into the fundus, and barium will flow into the body of the stomach? DefinitionTerm Where is the center of the IR positioned for an AP abdominal radiograph done in the left lateral decubitus position? Definition2 inches above the iliac crests The central-ray angulation for an AP abdominal radiograph is: DefinitionTerm The stomach will usually sit higher and more transversely with which body habitus: DefinitionTerm Which of the following planes is centered to the grid for the PA oblique projection of the stomach and duodenum? Definitiona longitudinal plane midway between the vertebrae and the lateral border of the elevated side TermThis question pertains to an UGI exam using air and barium as contrast: When looking at an image of the stomach taken with the patient in an LPO, you will see: Definitionbarium in the fundus, air in the body of the stomach TermFunctions of the gallbladder include: 1.) storing bile 2.) concentrating bile 3.) filtering the blood DefinitionTerm Which of the following are essential projections/positions of the stomach and duodenum? 1.) AP projection, LAO 2.) PA projection, RAO 3.) PA projection, LAO DefinitionTerm Which of the following contrast mediums can be used for examinations of the gastrointestinal tract? 1.) air 2.) barium sulfate 3.) water-soluble iodinated solution DefinitionTerm What is the most common respiration phase for radiographic exposures of the stomach and intestines? DefinitionTerm Which of the following are components of the alimentary canal? 1.) mouth and pharynx 2.) stomach and intestine 3.) liver and pancreas DefinitionTerm Which of the following are prime considerations in producing a supine KUB image? 1.) include diaphragm, not symphysis pubis 2.) explain the breathing procedure to the patient 3.) center at the level of the iliac crest DefinitionTerm What is the average degree of body rotation for the PA oblique projection of the esophagus? DefinitionTerm Where is the center of the IR positioned for an AP abdominal radiograph (KUB) done in the supine position? DefinitionTerm At which level is the IR centered for an AP or PA oblique stomach and duodenum? DefinitionTerm The most common contrast medium used for radiologic examinations of the gastrointestinal tract is: DefinitionTerm Where is the center of the IR positioned for a lateral projection of the abdomen done in the dorsal decubitus position? Definition2 inches above the iliac crests TermWhat is the respiration phase for an AP or PA abdominal radiograph done in the upright position? DefinitionTerm Which of the following are advantages of using the recumbent position for radiographs of the esophagus? 1.) varices are better filled 2.) easier to swallow barium 3.) more complete contrast filling, especially proximal part DefinitionTerm Which of the following planes is positioned to the center of the grid for the lateral projection of the stomach and duodenum? Definitiona plane passing midway between the midcoronal plane and the anterior surface of the abdomen TermWhich of the following are included as components of the alimentary canal? 1.) anus 2.) colon 3.) esophagus DefinitionTerm What is the central-ray angulation for the PA axial projection of the large intestine? DefinitionTerm Which of the following are included as components of the alimentary canal? 1.) anus 2.) colon 3.) esophagus DefinitionTerm Which of the following examinations requires the use of time markers on the radiographs? 1.) stomach 2.) small intestine 3.) large intestine Term The most distal portion of the small intestine is the: DefinitionTerm Which of the following could be considered essential projections for examination of the small intestine? 1.) AP (or PA depending on protocol) 2.) oblique 3.) lateral DefinitionTerm The majority of AP, PA, and oblique radiographs taken during a barium enema are done on 35X43-cm IRs. Where is the IR centered on sthenic patients for the majority of these projections? DefinitionTerm The large intestine is made up of a series of pouches called the: DefinitionTerm Which plane is centered to the grid for a lateral projection of the large intestine? DefinitionTerm The entire colon is best demonstrated in which projection? DefinitionTerm Which methods can be used to administer barium for a radiographic examination of the small intestine? 1.) by mouth (drinking) 2.) reflux filling via large volume barium enema 3.) enteroclysis DefinitionTerm Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the hepatic flexure of the ascending colon? DefinitionTerm The pouchlike portion of the large intestine that is situated below the junction of the ileum and colon is the: DefinitionTerm True/False The radiologist is the only person allowed to control the flow of barium by opening and closing the flow-lock. DefinitionTerm Which projections will clearly demonstrate the right colic flexure? 1.) right lateral 2.) AP oblique, LPO 3.) PA oblique, RAO DefinitionTerm The vermiform appendix of the colon is attached to the: DefinitionTerm How far is the enema tip inserted into the rectum for a colon examination? DefinitionTerm The degree of body rotation for the PA oblique projection (RAO or LAO) of the large intestine is: DefinitionTerm Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the right colic flexure? DefinitionTerm The contraction waves by which the digestive tube moves its contents toward the rectum are called: DefinitionTerm Which position should the patient be placed in to insert the enema tip for a barium enema? DefinitionTerm How far above the patient is the enema bag placed during a barium enema? DefinitionTerm True/False Ideally, the water used to mix barium should be between 85-90 degrees to ensure patient comfort. DefinitionTerm At which plane is the central ray positioned for the PA oblique projections (LAO or RAO) of the large intestine? Definitiona longitudinal plane 1 to 2 inches lateral to the midline of the body on the elevated side TermWhich projection of the colon best demonstrates the left colic flexure? DefinitionTerm Where is the IR centered for all decubitus projections of the large intestine? DefinitionTerm The opening between the small intestine and the large intestine is called the: DefinitionTerm Which projections taken during a barium enema will demonstrate the rectosigmoid area? 1.) lateral 2.) PA axial 3.) AP axial DefinitionTerm The PA oblique projection of the colon done in the LAO position clearly demonstrates the: DefinitionTerm Methods of radiographically examining the colon include: 1.) enteroclysis 2.) single contrast 3.) double contrast DefinitionTerm The central-ray angulation for the AP axial projection of the large intestine is: Definition30 to 40 degrees cephalad TermThe small intestine is divided into how many distinct portions? DefinitionTerm Preparation of the intestinal tract for examination of the colon includes: 1.) laxatives 2.) dietary restrictions 3.) cleansing enemas DefinitionTerm The first small intestine radiograph is taken how many minutes after the patient drinks barium? DefinitionTerm The degree of body rotation for an AP oblique projection of the large intestine is: DefinitionTerm The main functions of the large intestine are: 1.) digestion of food 2.) reabsorption of fluids 3.) elimination of waste products Term Where is the IR centered for delayed radiographs of the small intestine after 45 minutes? Definitionlevel of the iliac crests TermAt what level is the center of the IR positioned for a lateral projection of the rectosigmoid area? DefinitionTerm The main functions of the small bowel are: 1.) digestion of food 2.) absorption of food 3.) storage of food DefinitionTerm The patient preparation for a small intestine examination is: Definitionfood and fluid withheld after the evening meal and no breakfast TermWhen trying to visualize the urinary system, position the patient in an RPO will result in: DefinitionSeeing the upside kidney parallel to the IR, and the downside ureter free of super imposition from the spine TermWhere is the IR standard for nearly all abdominal radiographs taken during examination of the urinary system? DefinitionTerm What type of motion is used to cleanse the skin before venapuncture? DefinitionTerm The ureteral pelvic junction (or UP junction) describes: DefinitionWhere the ureters enter the kidneys TermThe urinary system includes which of the following? 1.) urethra 2.) two kidneys 3.) suprarenal glands DefinitionTerm Severe reaction to a medication or contrast medium would be DefinitionTerm T or F: Just before beginning and IVU exam, it is important to make sure the patient does not use the bathroom to urinate DefinitionTerm Which technique is used to get contrast medium into the urinary bladder for cystogram? DefinitionRetrograde filling technique TermWhere is the IR centered for an AP axial projection of the urinary bladder (cystogram)? Definition2 inches above the upper border of the pubic symphysis TermWhich of the following is true with regard to the use of injection needle to use for venipuncture?1.) steel needles may be sterilized and used again2.) The needles may only be used one time 3.) all needles can be sterilized and used again DefinitionTerm For which anatomical areas is the retrograde technique used? DefinitionBladder, low ureters, and urethra TermWhat serves as a reservoir for urine? DefinitionTerm When blood or medication injected into a vessel leaks out, it is called: DefinitionTerm Which of the following is true regarding the kidneys? DefinitionLeft kidney is longer and narrower than the right TermPreparation of the patient for an IVU includes: DefinitionA light evening meal, a non-gas forming laxative, NPO after midnight TermThe technique of injecting contrast media into a vein and taking radiographs of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder is termed: DefinitionTerm What is the central ray angulation for the PA axial urinary bladder? DefinitionTerm Where is the compression applied during the IVU DefinitionDistal ends of the ureters TermGuidelines from which of the following organizations must be adhered to with regards to venipuncture administration? DefinitionProfessional society (ASRT), state agencies, the institution TermWhat is the central-ray angle for the AP Oblique projections of the urinary system? DefinitionTerm Which projection would place the right kidney perpendicular to the IR? DefinitionTerm The respiration phase for radiographs made during intravenous urography is DefinitionTerm Where does the ureters enter the bladder? DefinitionTerm How much fluid can the adult bladder hold DefinitionTerm Compression should not be used during an IVU if the patient has DefinitionAn aneurysm or a colostomy TermFunctions of the kidney include: Definition1.) removing waste products from the blood2.) Maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance 3.) secreting substances that affect blood pressure TermA radiologic technology just may initiate being a puncture in a minister contracts on the order of DefinitionTerm What is true regarding non-ionic contrast media? Definitioncost is higher and less likely to cause a reaction TermThe common reactions to contrast media include DefinitionTerm A radiographic examination of the urinary bladder is termed: DefinitionTerm How much will the kidneys drop in the change from supine to the upright position? DefinitionTerm The abbreviation for the excretory technique of urography is: DefinitionTerm IV medications are administered via the: DefinitionTerm The vast majority of all reactions to contrast media occur within how many minutes after injection? DefinitionTerm The center of the compression device that is placed over the lower ureters during intravenous urography is positioned: DefinitionTerm The cup-shaped recesses in the center of each kidney that receive the urine from the collecting ducts are called the: DefinitionTerm Which projections are used during a cystogram? DefinitionTerm How much is the body rotated for the AP oblique projection of the urinary bladder during a cystogram? DefinitionTerm The radiographic examination of the urethra is called DefinitionTerm Significant reactions to contrast media include: DefinitionNausea, vomiting, edema of the respiratory mucous membrane TermWhat is the average length of the adult ureter? DefinitionTerm The average length of the male urethra is DefinitionTerm The greatest concentration of contrast appears in the kidneys after how many minutes post injection? DefinitionTerm The concentration of iodine in ionic contrast media is DefinitionHow much is the body rotated for a PA oblique projection of stomach and duodenum?Digestive System -- UGI. Which are essential oblique projections of the stomach and duodenum?Test Question. Which of the following stomach positions projections will best demonstrate the duodenal loop?positioning UGI. Which type of body habitus would the stomach be seen as almost horizontal?In persons with a hypersthenic habitus, the stomach is almost horizontal and is high, with its most dependent portion well above the umbilicus.
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