Introduction Show Ohio State University and the University of Michigan performed a research on leadership at about the same period; between 1940s to 1950s. Even though during that period, influence on leadership studies more to autocratic and democratic but the conducted researches by these two universities more to determine the behaviour of effective leaders which later those identified behaviour were named as leadership style. The objective of this paper is to discuss on similarities and differences of the leadership styles by University of Michigan and Ohio State University. The content of this paper will as follows: firstly, a review on University of Michigan leadership model and the second part, is a review on Ohio State University leadership model. Finally, a discussion on similarities and differences of the leadership styles between the two universities. University of Michigan: Job-Centered and Employee-Centered Behavior The University of Michigan’s Survey Research Center, under the principal direction of Rensis Likert, conducted studies to determine leadership effectiveness. Their main objectives are:
The University of Michigan leadership model stated that a leader is either more job-centered or more employee-centered as illustrated in below Figure 1.
The job-centered style has scales measuring two job-oriented behaviours of goal emphasis and work facilitation. Job-centered behavior refers to the extent to which the leader takes charge to get the job done. The leader closely directs subordinates with clear roles and goals, while the manager tells them what to do and how to do it as they work toward goal achievement. The employee-centered style has scales measuring two employee-oriented behaviours of supportive leadership and interaction facilitation. Employee-centered behaviour refers to the extent to which the leader focuses on meeting the human needs of employees while developing relationships. The leader is sensitive to subordinates and communicates to develop trust, support, and respect while looking out for their welfare. . Ohio State University: Initiating Structure and Consideration Behavior Likes University of Michigan, The Personnel Research Board of Ohio State University, under the principal direction of Ralph Stogdill, also conducted a study on the same purpose which is to determine effective leadership styles. They developed Leader Behaviour Description Questionnaire (LBDQ) and from the questionnaires, their findings on leadership styles as follows:
Ohio State University stated that because a leader can be on high or low sides of initiating structure and/or consideration, they developed four leadership styles as follows:
Leaders with high structure and low consideration behaviour use one-way communications, and decisions are made by the managers, whereas leaders with high consideration and low structure use two-way communications and tend to share decision making.
Conclusion: 1.Similarities between Leadership Models and Their Contributions
·The two leadership models of both universities are proven due to strong research support and repeatedly being tested. 2.Differences between Leadership Models and Their Contributions
References Robert N. Lussier and Christopher F. Achua, (2010) Leadership: Theory, Application, & Skill Development, USA, South-Western Cengage Learning. Richard L. Daft (2011). Leadership (5th edition). USA: South-Western Cengage Learning. What is the major difference between the Ohio State studies and the Michigan studies of leadership quizlet?The major difference between the Michigan approach to leadership and the Ohio approach was that: Ohio studies see the dimensions as COEXISTING where the Michigan studies see them as MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE.
What is the Ohio and Michigan studies for leadership?THE MICHIGAN AND OHIO STUDIES – BASIC STYLE THEORY
Person-oriented leaders are concerned with maintaining good relationships with staff and believe in a participative and democratic approach to leadership. Task-oriented leaders are more concerned with results and outputs than people's feelings.
What is Michigan studies leadership theory?The Michigan Leadership Studies identified the leadership styles that produced the highest employee satisfaction and productivity. The studies categorized leadership styles as either employee orientation, which emphasizes human relations, or production orientation, which focuses on task-oriented activities.
What is the Ohio State studies on leadership?Conducted in the 1940s, the Ohio State Studies was one of the most important series of research in the fields of leadership and organizational behavior. It not only created the two most widely known leadership behavior categories, but it also revolutionized the way leadership is measured, studied and developed.
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