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Terms in this set (87)According to Horace Taylor, who did Rockefeller "hold in his hand"? The White House What imagery in the cartoon indicates an anti-oil industry stance? the pollution in the air What message does the image of Rockefeller convey in the cartoon? His size implies he is more powerful than the government. What do the smokestacks on the Capitol and the Treasury Buildings imply about the relationship between the government and big business The government was part of the machinery of corporations. What does the artist imply about Rockefeller's character by the smudges on his hands and cuffs? C. Taylor implies he is guilty of corruption. In what way did The Delineator maintain traditional gender roles? the attire In what obvious way were Alice Austen and Trude Eccleston violating gender roles in their private photograph? smoking 3. What aspect of the magazine cover conveys the wealth of the woman pictured? her leisure activity In what way are the young women in Document 16.3 still conforming to feminine expectations? by wearing appropriate garments What changes in society helped allow women like those pictured here to begin challenging social norms during the late nineteenth century? Increasing social influence through activism and education In his account of American leaders, James Bryce argues that recent American presidents have not demonstrated "originality or profundity." What does this mean? Independence and intellectual depth What aspect of the late-nineteenth-century political process does Bryce criticize? Selection of candidates Which of the following presidents does Bryce criticize as being unmemorable? James Polk What did Bryce see as the most important characteristic of president according to American voters? Charisma Which of the following statements accurately describes the nineteenth-century middle class? They decorated their residences with mass-produced furniture, musical instruments, family photographs, books, periodicals, and a variety of memorabilia collected in their leisure time What was John Pierpont Morgan's role in industrialization in the late 1800s He headed an investment house that engineered industrial consolidation. "Business motivated by the self-interest of the individual runs into monopoly at every point it touches the social life—land monopoly, transportation monopoly, trade monopoly, political monopoly in all its forms, from contraction of the currency to corruption in office." What do you think Lloyd would say was responsible for the creation of monopolies? An unregulated marketplace What was the argument behind British philosopher Herbert Spencer's theory of social evolution? People at the bottom of the economic ladder lacked ambition, and government programs would not help them. What is the significance of the Slaughterhouse Cases decided by the Supreme Court in 1873? To view corporations as a person with due process rights The ordinary American voter does not object to mediocrity. He has a lower conception of the qualities requisite to make a statesman than those who direct public opinion in Europe have. He likes his candidate to be sensible, vigorous, and, above all, what he calls "magnetic," and does not value, because he sees no need for, originality or profundity, a fine culture or a wide knowledge. Which of the following statements explains Bryce's critique of the American voter? American voters are more interested in personality than in substance or greatness. Why did the demand for oil increase as industrialization occurred in the late 1800s? Oil used in factory equipment How did the structure of Congress prevent the president from providing vigorous leadership in the late 1800s? Partisan strife and turnover made Congress unruly and difficult to work with. What was the difference between the "Old Guard" and the "Half-Breeds" in the Republican Party of the late 1900s? The "Old Guard" was more committed to racial equality and the "Half-Breeds" to new ideas. What accounts for the high voter turnout and interest in politics during the late nineteenth century? Politics was entertaining to people. What accounts for the "crisis of masculinity" that afflicted middle and upper-class men in the late nineteenth century? They felt they had less autonomy now that they worked as salaried employees. " . . . one of the serious obstacles to the improvement of our race is indiscriminate charity. It were better for mankind that the millions of the rich were thrown into the sea than so spent as to encourage the slothful, the drunken, the unworthy. Of every thousand dollars spent in so-called charity today, it is probable that nine hundred and fifty dollars is unwisely spent—so spent, indeed, as to produce the very evils which it hopes to mitigate or cure. . . ." Which of the following statements explains Carnegie's attitude toward late nineteenth-century philanthropy? Philanthropy wastes resources that could be better allocated elsewhere. How was technological discovery in the late 1800s different from that in earlier eras? The process became an organized, collaborative effort Why did cotton and tobacco farming remain the predominant industries in the South after the Civil War? The small plots created by sharecropping and the low wages in the South allowed tobacco and cotton production to dominate. How did the capitalists of the late 1800s understand laissez-faire capitalism? The government should not retard their efforts but could promote them. What group of women was the most socially and economically independent in the late 1800s? The wealthy who attended college, beauty, or secretarial schools The popularity of Horatio Alger's dime novels can be attributed to their message that wealth could be attained through hard work and individual initiative. What did the trained engineer and son of former slaves Elijah McCoy invent to improve railroad efficiency? A method to automatically lubricate gears Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution was the basis of the Supreme Court's ruling that, in legal terms, a corporation could be considered a person? 14th Which of the following characterizes the philosophy of Herbert Spencer? Helping the poor ultimately hurts society as a whole. In 1860, steel output stood at 13,000 tons. To how much had it expanded by the beginning of the 20th century? Almost 2.8 million tons
What was the consequence of the establishment of department stores for the middle-class housewife in the late nineteenth century? Having access to a constantly changing array of consumer goods increased her workload and stress level. When did Charles Darwin publish his The Origin of Species? 1859 The rise of black-run schools, churches, and businesses in the South was an unintended consequence of Jim Crowe The relative lack of power and influence associated with the American presidency during the Gilded Age can be attributed to the impact of Andrew Johnson's impeachment and congressional Reconstruction. Who attributed the ineffectiveness of the federal government during this period to the lack of clear lines of authority and responsibility? Woodrow Wilson What did Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, New York, and New Jersey have in common between 1876 and 1896? All the presidents and vice presidents elected during this period came from these states What type of action did John Morrison imply workers might take to elicit change? Violent Strikes What problem did Morrison see with subdivision of labor through mechanization? Lack of expansive mechanization knowledge What benefits did Morrison acknowledge resulted from the subdivision of labor? Faster production and cheaper products What does Morrison feel disappeared as a result of mechanization? Apprenticeships How does the testimony of John Morrison reflect the era? It shows increasing industrialization and shifting labor forces. What do the title and language of "The Ten Commandments of the Grange" imply about the Grange movement? It was likely rooted in religious ideals. What major issue appears several times throughout "The Populist Party Platform," signifying its importance to the Populists? Immigration What similar issues appear to be addressed within both the Grange Ten Commandments and the Populist Party Platform? Monopolies What socioeconomic groups did both the Grangers and the Populists want to help working class What do the articles reveal about social and economic tensions in the late 1800s? The lower and middle classes felt increasingly oppressed by the rich What 1873 event does the tombstone refer to? The prohibition of silver purchase by the Treasury Department According to the image, what is one major cause of debt? Mortgages What tactic did Henry Clay Frick use to break the Homestead strike of 1892? Banned unionized workers from the plant Why did the Haymarket Square incident of 1886 hurt the union movement? Press coverage blamed the labor movement for the deaths. What was Eugene V. Debs's reaction to his jail sentence for his actions during the Pullman strike? He established the Socialist Party
Which of the following recreational activities were common among mill workers? Baseball leagues Why did Terence V. Powderly seek the broadest possible membership for the Noble Order of the Knights of Labor in the late 1800s? To maximize workers' ability to challenge corporate power Why did many women and children work in the late 1800s despite the rise in real wages men earned? Because it was a powerful economic necessity Why did skilled workers consider themselves free citizens and different from mass laborers during the early days of manufacturing in the late 1800s? They controlled their pace of work and output. Where did urban working-class men and women spend their leisure time at the turn of the twentieth century? Dance halls Who comprised most unskilled workers in American factories in the late 1800s? European immigrants "That there be a permanent United States strike commission of three members, with duties and powers of investigation and recommendation as to disputes between railroads and their employees similar to those vested in the Interstate Commerce Commission as to rates, etc. . . ." What does the excerpt from the report tell us about the committee's interpretation of the Pullman strike? The problems between workers and the railroads were significant enough to warrant government intervention. Which of the following statements describes the impact of national economic regulations in the late nineteenth century? The regulations had little impact. "Resolved, That we condemn the fallacy of protecting American labor under the present system, which opens our ports to [immigrants including] the pauper and the criminal classes of the world and crowds out our [American] wage-earners; and we . . . demand the further restriction of undesirable immigration." Which of the following would support the statement above? A strong nationalist Which group of workers was the target of the American Federation of Labor in the late 1800s? Skilled workers Why were industrial workers reluctant to support the Populist Party? They failed to see any benefit in higher prices for food, which the base of the party supported. How did the Ocala platform of the meeting of the National Farmers Alliance and Industrial Union expand the demands of farmers' alliances? By including broader political reforms Why were southern industrial workers so resistant to unionizing in the late 1800s? Racial tensions helped prevent the development of a collective consciousness What split the Populist Party after 1896 The Populist Party was unable to capture the support of industrial workers. What groups were part of the Republican Party coalition formed in 1896 and dominant for the next three decades? The wealthy class and the working class Why did most employers contend that they should determine working conditions and pay in the late 1800s? Since they financed the workplace, they had the right to determine working conditions. "Next followed the final shock—the Pullman strike—and the American Railway Union again won, clear and complete. The combined corporations were paralyzed and helpless. At this juncture there [was] delivered, from wholly unexpected quarters, a swift succession of blows that blinded me for an instant and then opened wide my eyes—and in the gleam of every bayonet and the flash of every rifle the class struggle was revealed. This was my first practical lesson in Socialism, though wholly un-aware that it was called by that name." What is the class struggle Debs refers to? The struggle between workers and capitalists What was the result of the 1896 election? The election led to a political realignment that favored Republicans. Why did the Grange movement focus on reducing prices that railroads and grain elevators charged? Farmers relied on railroads and grain elevators but were forced to pay higher than usual rates. The growth of industrial manufacturing affected skilled tradesmen by removing control of their labor and their sense of independence. Which of the following developments was a reaction to the Haymarket Square incident? The Knights of Labor lost half of its membership. Who was the founder of the Socialist Party of America? Eugene V. Debs One of the first strikes by women workers was conducted by black laundresses in Georgia. Jazz music was a product of the diverse musical traditions found in New Orleans. The first efforts to organize farmers were meant to help them overcome loneliness and isolation Higher corn prices during the 1880s inspired the Grangers to withdraw from electoral politics and return to organizing social and cultural activities. Coxey's Army" consisted of some 500 unemployed workers Wealthy Americans opposed Cleveland's efforts to introduce a federal income tax. Who ran the campaign of Republican presidential candidate William McKinley? 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Which of the following developments was a reaction to the Haymarket Square incident quizlet?
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