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Terms in this set (381)most processes through which a person becomes integrated into a community involve the _ system societal Giovanni sustained a serious injury to his brain and spinal cord during a hockey game. Who among the following specialists should his parents seek for consultation a central nervous system specialist Dale is 12 yrs old and is being raised by a single mother who recently lost her job. Dale and his mom are now homeless and experiencing poverty for the first time. Chip is 6 yrs old. He is being raised by an unemployed single father. Chip and his father have been living in poverty since Chip's birth. According to research on poverty, which is more at risk for negative consequences pertaining to health. cognitive development, and school achievement? Chip only The life span approach strives to identify patterns of transition and transformation from one period of life to another Which of these is an example of a change factor for the societal system? technological change Which scenario best illustrates how the environment influences the biological system? An infant is exposed to many illnesses while attending infant day care Which descriptor most accurately reflects the psychosocial approach? Internal experiences are products of interaction of biological, psychological, and societal systems Michael believes that he can influence his personal development by making certain choices and being motivated to succeed. Michael's belief's best illustrates which of the following assumptions of Newman and Newman text? People contribute actively to their development Manuel speaks six languages and has a very good memory. Which of the following systems can he thank for this? Psychological According to the text, on what is development based? The interaction of the social, psychological, and biological systems In the U.S., 16 year olds expect to obtain a driver's license. What concept is best illustrated here? age-graded societal expectations Why is it so important to interpret events in context? People are affected by their surroundings According to the textbook, active contribution to one's life can be expressed in numerous ways. The text suggests that the most influential among these is: development of a societal network Yolanda was born in 2015. Which of the following is most closely represents her life expectancy? 90 years Which of the following LEAST describes the biological system? Processes central to making sense of experiences The concept of identity, the meaning we give ourselves and our sense of purpose, connects us to others. This concept best illustrates the link between psychological and _ systems societal Candace has a 7 year old son, and she would never leave him home alone. But in another country, it is common for 7 year old boys to have a job and work. This is an example of age-graded expectations the most critical way in which a person can contribute to his or her development is through creating significant social relationships Changes in the biological system are most likely to cause changes in the psychological and societal systems Which of the following best describes the difference between cognitive behaviorism and the other theories of learning? Cognitive behaviorists study internal mental activities that influence behavior The assumption of any theory may or may not be correct. In other words, assumptions may be influenced by cultural context of theorist The Dillard family adopted a new child, requiring the older children to take on new responsibilities for childcare and household tasks. Mrs. Dillard changed her work hours, and Mr. Dillard gave up his nighttime job so he could be with the baby in the evenings. From a family systems perspective, these changes are an example of adaptive self-organization Harvinder and Jasmine just had their first baby, Nina. According to psychoanalytic theory, what are the psychosexual stages through which Nina will develop? oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital In terms of psychoanalytic theory, which of the following statements about defense mechanisms is most accurate? The basic function of defense mechanisms is to protect the person from being overwhelmed by painful thoughts and feelings such as anxiety and guilt Which of the following is the most accurate description of the term "worldview"? way of making meaning of relationships, situations, and objects encountered in daily life Sudha has been driving to school using the same route for two years. Although she has never had time to stop at the Coffee Corner, she knows where it is and how to direct a friend there. This is an example of which of the following concepts?
cognitive map Which of the following statements reflects an important contribution made by the psychoanalytic theory to the study of human development? The role of childhood experiences can be used to explain adult behavior In order to adapt to changes in the environment, systems require which of the following? feedback mechanisms Cognitive developmental theory focuses specifically on how knowing emerges and is transformed into logical, systematic, capacities for reasoning Vygotsky argued that complex mental operations exist first in the social world and are then internalized. He described this as a movement from the _ to the _ intermental; intramental Which of the following psychosexual ego functions Involvement in personal relationships and social groups contributes to the social identity Social learning theory emphasizes the process of learning new behaviors by observing and imitating the behavior of others What guiding premises underlie the logic of a theory? its assumptions When did Yang's preoperational thought stage occur? When, as a child, he learned a language Which
of the following is considered the The influence of sexual and aggressive drives to motivate behavior Gilda's professor has asked her to An internal representation of the learning environment Which of the following psychosocial theory concepts is most similar to Vygotsky's zone of proximal development? Radius of significant relationships A theory of human development is How people change and grow over the life span Eco maps are helpful for viewing the family from a systems perspective. T/F true Eco maps and genograms document all the same information, but they just have different names. T/F false What is documented in a Eco Map? relationships to systems outside the family what is an example of an informal helper to family? a friend or neighbor that isn't related to the family, but helps by watching the children occasionally it is okay to use generic names of a system when documenting where a family member works. T/F false The epigenetic principle refers to A biological plan for growth Developmental tasks can be viewed as competencies that lead to mastery of the environment. Which of the following statements best The range and variety of significant relationships expand. Which of the following statements best The central process helps to resolve the psychosocial crisis. Ezekiel was preparing for his marriage at the age of 13. His upcoming marriage is typical of his peers in Iran. This example Cultural values Dick has shown throughout his life that He is more resilient than most of his friends. Brenda and all of the other 11 women
in Diffidence Carrie is a 2-year-old who is starting to Autonomy versus shame and doubt What role does imitation play in resolving psychosocial crises? imitation is the Which of the following is the best definition of developmental tasks? Skills and competencies that contribute to increased mastery. As Jamison develops new ego qualities, His worldview Why is Erik Erikson typically associated Because he identified and developed the theory According to the epigenetic principle, the succession of psychosocial crises occurs in a predictable sequence over the life course. Explain how the psychosocial theory The psychosocial theory takes into Which of the following statements is Most people resolve the crisis positively along with some negative experience. When an individual engages in a central a reworking of an individual's psychological system. In order for Jennifer to successfully cope false Development tasks contribute to true Imitation is the central process for false Which of the following would Erik Once a developmental stage of psychosocial theory is passed, there is no way to review or reinterpret events from that stage. the first day of school is an example of toxic stress false Javier has always known exactly who he is and what is important to him. This shows that Javier has a strong continuity In the context of human development, to An adaptive re-organization during the life span Which social change is brought about
by Delayed marriage and reproduction Jeanne's great grandmother was born at the turn of the 20th century. Jeanne was Jeanne had a longer life expectancy than her great grandmother. How is the study of life span development related to an understanding of life expectancy? Life expectancy provides a framework for timing about stages and periods of Poverty is primarily considered an element of _ the system. societal As a child, Jordan had an accident that has left him with brain damage. As a result, he can't read or write and has trouble with his memory. Which system of development has been most disrupted? biological Retirement, dating in old age, and second or third careers are all part of a complex life experiences
Rose is torn between her memories of psychological Which factor is most likely to contribute An increase in single-mother households What
is one aspect of social integration that has been linked to improved health Being in a committed relationship Which of the following is most likely to Rigidity Cultural theory provides insight into learned systems of meanings and patterns of behavior shared by a group of people. Whereas theories of cognitive development emphasize thinking and reasoning, theories of learning tend to focus on which of the following? Relatively permanent changes in behavior that result from Pamela strives to achieve a balance of Equilibrium Which of the following is considered the The influence of sexual and aggressive drives to motivate behavior Evolutionary psychology includes the study of the origins of social behavior. Which of the following terms best Individualism Which statement BEST describes the laws Over generations, species gradually change in response to changing environmental conditions. Kendra has been breastfed. The first time assimilation _ is a worldview in which social individualism Which of the following statements is It is logical and internally consistent. According to Freud, many explanations unconscious Freda has always given great importance to the passage of time over her life, even taking time to often reflect on it. According to Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory, which of the following refers to this passage of time? chronosystem Husband and wife, teacher and student, reciprocal roles Involvement in personal relationships and social groups contributes to the social identity Dylan wants to drop out of high school and go to New York to be a musician. Her parents, friends, and high school teachers encourage her to graduate from high school
prior to moving to New York. This encouragement is an example of what organizing principle of Radius of significant others Which of the following exemplifies a persistent subcultural force that shapes the daily lives of children and adults? ethnic groups Jennie is struggling with whether to give Group identity versus alienation Robin has moved to a new town during her sophomore year in high school. In order to find a new group of friends, she joins the staff of the school paper and tries out for the girls' swim team. These efforts are examples of which of the following? Coping behavior Which of the following statements about The psychosocial crisis is expressed as polarities with positive and negative ends on a continuum. Why did the authors of the text alter the to expand upon them Core pathologies protect the person from unwanted interaction with the societal system. Which of the following is most influential cultural values The emphasis on the interplay between strength of psychosocial theory Arnold is in middle childhood. He is most Industry versus inferiority Jamie is better able to cope with challenges than is her twin sister. Which of the following is TRUE of these twins? Jamie is more resilient than her In Erikson's original model, life stages emphasize an individual developmental timetable as unique, guided by biological maturation and cultural expectations. Which of the following is TRUE of the It proposes a specific direction of development. Core pathologies can lead to a paralysis true _ develop from the positive Prime adaptive ego qualities; core pathologies Lou was uncomfortable when he arrived appraising the situation as a coping behavior. The psychosocial crisis serves as a highlighting the tension and conflict between positive and negative poles. John works with adults recently released from prison to help them find work and housing. He is _ engaged in practice work. micro What are possible actions that might be taken when a client requests services from an agency? What reason might these actions be taken? Possible actions include the agency obtains sanctions and working agreements/contracts, they identify and study a problem, they establish goals for change, and they influence major targets for change. These actions are taken so the client will best benefit from the services. What is the purpose of an ecomap? How is it helpful for both the social worker and the The ecomap is an interviewing and assessment tool that places an individual ora family within a social context. It helps the clients and social worker understand how a family functions in their environment. Also, it shows how individuals in the family are connected to external systems. It is helpful for both the social worker and the client because it can assist in developing a trusting relationship, facilitate the sharing of information, and shorten the case record for the social worker. Input (1) is the energy going into a system. An example of this would be a request for Processing (2) is a system utilizing the input received. An example would be service planning and organization. Output (3) is
the product or outcome that the system produces. An example would be Feedback (4) is the information about the system's performance. It can be positive or negative. An example would be survey responses. Vygotsky theorized that language is a barrier between generations. false
Differentiate between social learning theory and cognitive behaviorism Social learning theory gives emphasis on imitation being a key part of learning a new behavior. Kimberly just began a new job. In her work, she will focus on the unique adaptive behaviors of specific species, such as mating, caregiving, play, and strategies for obtaining resources. In which of the following fields is Kimberly working? Ethology Species produce just enough offspring to survive and reproduce. false Discuss the questions that must be answered in the evaluation of a theory. What phenomena is the theory trying to explain? Evolutionary theory places the study of individual development in the context of individual development in the context of the history of the species. Which of the following is considered one of Piaget's contributions to understanding infant cognition? Infants establish logical connections Jonathan is in early adulthood. He and his wife are expecting their first child, and Jonathan is learning what it is like to be a father Jonathan's exploration of child-rearing is an example of a(n) developmental task Which of the following statements best describes the concept of stages? All individuals follow the same basic stage sequence Which of the following statements is considered a weakness of psychosocial The process of moving from one stage to another needs more development Psychosocial crises arise because of a discrepancy between a person's competence and societal expectations. Explain how the psychosocial theory takes into consideration the active contribution of culture to individual growth "cultures have implicit theories about the stages of life, the expectations for behavior as one matures, and the nature of one's obligations to the older and younger members of the culture group." The psychosocial theory takes this into account and demonstrates the importance of culture in development Which of the following statements reflects a psychosocial stage approach to development? Each stage brings a unique set of problems to solve Coping is an important concept in psychosocial theory because it always involves gathering new information that changes the biological explain the significance of ethnic groups in contents of develops Ethnic groups are important subcultures in the shaping and development of individuals. Ethnic groups allow individuals to experience culture and learn from it Give at least 3 examples of situations considered ACES. Physical abuse from a parent, parent who has a mental illness, and emotional neglect from a parent. the death of a family member is considered _ stress negated Explain the importance of the ACEs study and information to your future social work career. The study provided a model for data collection and demonstrated the value of the data. It allows social workers to see the signs of ACEs and also provides preventions to help clients become resilient to ACES. Explain what it means to say that there is an evolution" to psychosocial theory. Psychosocial evolution "refers to the human abilities that allow us to gather knowledge from our ancestors and transmit it to our descendants. the transmission of individuals who are capable of creating knowledge, symbolizing it, adapting it, and transferring it to others." Psychosocial theory demonstrates this concept in its six basic concepts of development The Jones family consists of the mother (Jane), father, (Jack), son (Ethan), and daughter (Bella). The grandmother (Lila) lives in the home as well. Viewing this family as a system, give an example of at least 2 subsystems and 1 component of each subsystem. One subsystem would be the marriage of Jane and Jack and a component of them would be their children. A second subsystem would be Lila and Jane and a component of them would be Jane's children. According to Walter Mischel's six types of cognitive affective factors that influence behavior, which of the following best describes self-regulatory plans? Strategies to achieve one's goals What is the focus of evolutionary theory? What is its relevance for the study of human development? Give two examples of behaviors that take on new meaning when considered from an evolutionary perspective Evolutionary theory "focuses on how diverse and increasingly complex life forms come to exist." It emphasizes the role of natural selection and adaptation. Its relevance for the study of human development is shown by its three phases of the life span. Two behaviors that take on new meaning when considered from an evolutionary perspective would include reproductive strategies and learning as an adaptive behavior. The application of systems theory to families has focused primarily on how families establish boundaries and rules Describe what a theory is in your own words. A theory is a context of ideas that contribute to the overall knowledge of a particular subject. Theories help explain why things happen and the reason for different things in life. How do environmental and social contexts affect individual development? Environmental and social contexts are apart of individual development. The person's environment will shape and determine how a person develops. For example, if a person grows up homeless, they will be less likely to developing positively as opposed to a child whose parents are middle-class. Societal contexts include the community and society around the person. Communities influence what is expected of its members, what resources it members will have, the roles and norms for its members, the activities they can be apart of, and the risks that its members will face. An individual needs social contexts to develop properly. Bronfenbrenner argues that development is influenced by interactions that take place within the Microsystem What role does imitation play in resolving psychosocial crises? imitation is the central process for psychosocial growth during toddlerhood. Central process is how psychosocial crises are resolved. Therefore, if a toddler is not able to perform imitation, they may not resolve the psychosocial crises positively Dr. Know and Dr. Shore are discussing the merits of psychosocial theory while drinking lattés. Dr. Know asserts that the basic concepts of psychosocial theory are not well developed or defined Dr Shore concurs and feels that the theory is further hampered because its concepts are based on its European American male context As a student of human development, how would you characterize these comments? Both comments are accurate portrayals of the weaknesses associated with the theory Which of the following statements is considered a strength of Erikson's theory of psychosocial stages? Presentation of stages makes each stage look similar in length of time to complete Describe the three features of psychosocial theory that provide a rationale for its use as the framework for the text the theory "address growth across the life span.. assumes that individuals have the capacity to contribute to their own psychological development act each stage of life.takes into consideration the active contribution of culture to individual growth." Define the concept of psychosocial crisis. Give an example Explain how the crisis contributes to psychosocial growth It is a state of tension that results from the discrepancies between the person's competences at the beginning of a stage and the society's expectations. An example would be when an infant is experiencing trust or mistrust of a caregiver. These crises are normal and needed for development. When a caregiver and baby engage in reciprocal vocalizations and gesturing, this is known as: serve and return interaction. Which of the following statements is considered a strength of Erikson's theory of Stages incorporate biological and societal influences What is an umbrella agency? Give an example. is a very large, organized group of agencies. How does the case of Rose illustrate the relationships among the biological psychological and societal systems? Her case provides examples of how the biological, psychological, and societal systems are key components in development across the lifespan. Select three theories and explain how each one accounts for stability and change over the life span The psychoanalytic theory provided importance placed on childhood experiences for shaping adult thoughts and behavior. It also provided various stages of development that account for stability and change over the life span. Piaget's theory also provided stages of development and highlighted equilibrium and adaptation as key components. Thus, it essential accounts for stability and changes over the life span. The social learning theory demonstrates how observation imitation plays a vital role in the adaptation of behaviors. This accounts for stability and changes over the life span. What is the function of a theory? To describe unobservable processes and relate them to observable events According to psychosexual theory, what are the three basic structures of personality? Give the term for each and a definition The id, which includes instincts impulses, is the primary source of psychic energy and exists from birth. It is the pleasure principle. The ego is the idea of a person's self and refers to all mental functions that have to do with the person's relation to the environment. The superego includes both a punishing and rewarding function. It includes ideas about which behaviors and thoughts are improper and includes ideas about what behaviors and thoughts are admirable. Which of the following is LEAST likely to be a factor in a person's coping strategy? The hidden meaning of the stressor; or range of resources Explain radius of significant relationships and how it influences development. The radius of significant relationships is how age-related demands on individuals are communicated. The network of relationships plays a major role at every stage of life, impacting cognitive and emotional development, self-understanding, family and career roles, and physical health. An example would be parents, caregivers, and children during infancy. Which of the following should Trevor do if he wants to utilize problem-focused coping? He should control his emotions associated with a particular stressor Joel just graduated from college and is about to start his first job as a family life educator. He has planned to ask his college sweetheart to marry him after about 3 months in his new job. When Joel came home last weekend, he learned that his parents are divorcing, partially in order to dedicate more time to their careers. According to psychosocial theory a combination of Joel's needs for development and the unexpected divorce of his parents may lead to Joel needing to revisit and reinterpret earlier psychosocial stages Anna
started dating Chris soon after breaking up with Hayden She wants to continue to explore intimate relationships and doesn't like being alone. Anna strives to be with others and has acquired new skills and coping that can be the central process of coping Nia works at a community mental health center. She is the group leader for the outpatient program. She is engaged in _ work. mezzo Micah goes to a high school where the majority of students are immigrants from Russia, China, Bangladesh, and Korea. This diverse environment will benefit Micah by encouraging her to adapt Psychosocial evolution refers to ways in which knowledge can alter or transform behavior and override genetically guided patterns. according to social role theory, _ involves meeting perceived role expectations or balancing competency role demands role strain Which of the following is considered a similarity between psychoanalytic theory and psychosocial theory? description of the functions of the ego system Which of the following criticisms of psychosocial theory relates to the stages of development? The period of adult life is not adequately differentiated Which example is LEAST illustrative of the relationship between psychosocial theory and psychosocial evolution? your biological evolution Unpredictable life stresses, such as divorce and death, may contribute to the re-working of earlier life stages. The application of systems theory to families has focused primarily how families determine their culture human service systems private, public, and voluntary
What does it mean to say that the concept of Plasticity is the capacity for adaptive Which statement about longevity is false? Longevity is primarily influenced by psychological factors. The influence of culture in one's lifespan is societal Psychological change is partly guided by genetic information. true
Likely advances in _ and treatment coupled with medical technology; improved support services Which group has the shortest life expectancy? African American males It is likely that people will be healthier in older age rather than live much longer than current life expectancy. true Ruth Hamilton believed having many students of different levels in one classroom was good for children. This supports the idea that individuals are influenced by society Which of the following is TRUE of the biological system? It is guided by genetics Which of the following is TRUE of individuals' lives, as they progress through time? They show both continuity and change What term refers to the number of years of life, based on the average length of life for a given population? Life expectancy Which of the following is most likely to bring about change in the societal system? Entry into new roles Bianca receives, processes, and transmits all Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system Michael's breathing, blood circulation, and Biological Which factor is most influential in a society's life expectancy? Education Which statement best describes the biological system? All of the processes necessary for the physiological functions of an organism The biological system is a _ system. multilevel and dynamic Which of the following is most likely to bring use of drugs According to projections, life expectancy has true Jo Ellen's divorce was final yesterday afternoon. Based on research, she and her two children can expect which of the following in terms of their financial well being? A decrease in household income Which of the following is most likely to bring Education The Moore family's elderly
grandmother hosts an annual family celebration at the Societal Which assumption is fundamental to understanding how significant social relationships influence development? People contribute actively to their development. Which of the following is TRUE of life expectancy? It is a useful "bellwether" of societal progress. The development from one period of life to the next is an individual process. true A theory of human development is expected to provide explanations for which of the following? How people change and grow over the life span According to psychoanalytic theory, middle Sexuality and aggression The comparative study of unique adaptive behaviors survival of the species is called ethology. This type of study helps clarify _ to the long-term survival of species the contributions of each generation Which statement best describes systems theory? Family members are interdependent in which each member can influence the Which of the following statements best An individual's culture contributes fundamentally to development. The assumptions of any theory may or may not be correct. In other words, assumptions may be influenced by the cultural context of the theorist. Which of the following psychosocial theory concepts is most similar to Vygotsky's zone Radius of significant relationships Gilda's professor has asked her to describe a cognitive map. Which of the following would be the most appropriate response? An internal representation of the learning environment In contrast to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, Vygotsky placed greater emphasis on social context Which of the following statements is considered an implication for human development based on Vygotsky's theory? Social interaction and culture shape an individual's cognitive development. Vicarious reinforcement can best be described as learning by observing what happens to someone else who is either rewarded or punished for their actions According to psychoanalytic theory, which structure houses Jonathan's moral and ethical principles? Superego Through which of Alice's ages would psychosocial theory focus? Her entire life Which of the following best describes the Cognitive behaviorists study internal mental activities that influence behavior. Which of the following is considered the The influence of sexual and aggressive drives to motivate behavior Evolutionary psychology includes the study of the origins of social behavior. Daniela is capable of organizing and making meaning of her experiences. Which of the following allows her to do so? Cognition According to Freud, many explanations for unconscious. Which of the following statements best describes how theories help explain observations? They identify orderly relationships. Which of the following statements is considered a major implication of evolutionary theory related to the study of human development? Factors that influence reproductive success of a group have implications for the survival of the species. Accommodation is referred to as the tendency to modify schemes to account for new attributes revealed through experience. Which of the following is TRUE of social cognition? It is a facet of social learning theory that emphasizes a cognitive orientation. Helena is 6 months old. At what stage in Sensorimotor thought Daryl is a human being. From an rear their offspring Among Yolanda and her peers there is a set of behaviors that they have collectively agreed upon which function as an accepted code of norms. Which of the following terms BEST encapsulates this? agency (?) According to a systems theory, a system that maintains its organization, even though the parts constantly change, is considered open (?) According to Piaget's theory of cognitive Young children and adults approach problems using the same basic principles of logic and reasoning. (?) Which of the following best describes the Patterns of psychological and social change and growth over the life course Unpredictable life stresses, such as divorce re-working of earlier life stages. Which of the following is TRUE of the stage It proposes a specific direction of development.
In Erikson's original model, life stages were emphasize an individual developmental timetable as unique, guided by biological maturation and cultural expectations. Which of the following best describes Joanna's psychosocial crisis? Her normal set of stresses and strains
In developing the eight stages, which of the following did Erik Erikson utilize? Sigmund Freud's psychosexual stages In order for Jennifer to successfully cope with the loss of her job, she must begin with reconciling her situation. false Lou was uncomfortable when he arrived at appraising the situation as a coping behavior. Which of the following is LEAST likely to be The hidden meaning of the stressor When an individual engages in a central process, the result is a reworking of an individual's psychological system. Michele is coping with the death of her father by redefining the meaning of the loss. This process is referred to as reappraisal. Psychosocial theory predicts that self concept and worldview are reorganized at each stage of life. True Prime adaptive ego qualities and core pathologies influence one's worldview How is the problem of anorexia linked to the topic of emotional development? Anorexia is associated with difficulties accepting and expressing emotions. According to experts, what factor is LEAST likely to drive young people to join gangs? Easy access to guns Youth who are involved in repeated violent crimes are likely to to drop out of school Which term refers to the sense of Dissociation A positive resolution of the psychosocial crisis of group identity versus alienation results in the achievement of the prime adaptive ego quality of fidelity to others Delinquency is associated with which of the following? inability to control and manage one's impulses Which of the following is least likely to cause depression in early adolescence? Peer acceptance Parental loss or parental rejection increases an adolescent's vulnerability to depression The tendency to pursue activities that are novel, thrilling, and exciting is known as sensation seeking As adolescents become aware of a more differentiated array of emotions, boys are more likely to have a heightened awareness of new levels of negative emotions that focus on aggressive impulses Alienation associated with issues of common bond occurs when adolescents are unable to form interpersonal ties that provide feelings of acceptance or emotional support. Alcohol may be associated with adolescent death in which of the following conditions? By suppressing breathing when in high concentration levels How is the timing of puberty related to self image for late-maturing adolescent boys? They are likely to be self-conscious and have a negative self-image. About what percent of adolescents in the United States try an illegal drug (not including alcohol) by their senior year in high school? 50% Which of the following was observed in research that examined the influence of parenting practices on peer group membership? Parents who emphasize academic achievement have children who belong to the "popular" crowd. Diverse processes such as joining a group, forming in-group and out-group attitudes, stereotyping, rejecting a group, and exercising leadership in a group, are all examples of Group operations Hammad, who is 15, does not feel that he is a part of any social group; he is uneasy in the presence of peers. He is experiencing discrimination The self-consciousness and egocentrism common in early adolescence is likely to result in experiences of alienation Populars, gangs, skateboarders, and jocks are examples of peer crowds Abby is a shy adolescent who
lives a very structured life, keeping to a strict routine. Anorexia For young people, the transition to sexualized relationships including learning the art of flirtation, practicing how to approach, and learning the rules of engagement between the sexes is influenced by norms of peer group and community Early adolescent changes rarely affect a boy's self-esteem. false Which of the following is an important characteristic of formal operational thought? The ability to think about themselves, other individuals, and their world in relativistic ways In a study of the impact of the Signs of Suicide (SOS) prevention program in 92 schools, it was found that students who participated in the program showed an increase of help seeking of 60% in the month following the beginning of the program. During early adolescence, there is _ in the rate and sequence of development variability Ann is an adolescent girl whose boyfriend wants to have sexual intercourse with her. her parents values and the norms of her peer group. In the study of three ethnic groups, what happened to relations with parents as peer relations increased in importance during early adolescence? Family members continued to be the most central source of love and emotional support. Some people engage in sexual activity to avoid a negative outcome, such as conflict in a relationship. True Which of the following is the most accurate statement about formal operational thinking? New skills help the person anticipate the consequences of their actions. What is a common consequence of early maturation for girls? Higher levels of conflict with parents What is one of the earliest signs for the onset of puberty for girls? breast buds Research suggests that for most males and females who carry knives, the primary motive is self-defense For boys who are experiencing pubescent growth, shaving provides some evidence for enhanced masculinity Why is a depressed mood in early adolescence of special concern? It is linked to suicide and/or suicidal attempts. In the process of resolving the psychosocial crisis of _ adolescents become psychologically connected to the social life of their family, school, and community group identity versus alienation Stacey discusses her concerns about her aging parents and her sense of duty and responsibility to them. What she is expressing is called filial obligation. In contrast to those with anorexia, adolescents who suffer from bulimia are more likely to prevent food absorption through induced vomiting or use of laxatives. Many cultures mark the beginning of puberty with a rite of passage. true For boys, the rapid physical growth at puberty May leave a boy awkward and uncoordinated for a time About what percent of eighth graders in the U.S. say they have been drunk at least once? 13% Alan is experiencing sleeplessness moodiness, and loss of appetite. He is very low in energy and doesn't want to get involved in any of the activities that provided enjoyment in the past. A likely diagnosis is depressed mood Which of the following is an important aspect of peer relationships that occurs in early adolescence? sexual interest The kind of reasoning associated with diplomacy, psychotherapy, and spiritual leadership is called postmoral reasoning Which of the following is most accurate concerning sexual-minority youth's sexual orientation? Parental acceptance after disclosure is very important to well-being and identity development. Which of the following is most accurate? If chlamydia is untreated, it may cause pelvic inflammatory disease that leads to infertility Discuss the essential characteristics of formal operational thought What kinds of experiences are most likely to stimulate this kind of reasoning? The first characteristic is the ability to manipulate more than two categories of variables simultaneously. A situation to stimulate this would be when a person thinks about time, speed, and distance when planning to go somewhere. The second characteristic is the ability to think about things changing in the future. An example would be when a child realizes that their family structure and relationships will change as they grow older. The third characteristic ie the ability to hypothesize logical sequences of events. An example would be that adolescents will consider how well they do in school will impact college and career options. The fourth characteristics the ability to foresee the consequences of actions. An example would be if a child does not study, they realize they may not do as well on the test. The fifth characteristic is the ability to detect logical consistency or inconsistency in a set of statements. An example would be a child testing the truth of a statement by finding evidence that supports or disproves it. The sixth characteristic is the ability to think in relativistic ways about self. others, and the world. An example of this is when an adolescent recognizes that people are the products of societies with different sets of rules and norms. They also recognize that they are expected to behave in a certain way because of the cultural norms and rules. In the Tiedeman model of career decision-making, the last three phases involve implementation. Which of the following statements about the relationship of gender and identity achievement is most accurate? For both men and women, identity achievement is associated with positive ego qualities. The relationship of a secure attachment to parents and identity in later adolescence is that those who have a secure attachment are more likely to have an achieved identity. Berzonsky suggests that not all later adolescents process identity-related information in the same way. According to his model, the normative types focus on the standards set for them by others. College faculty _ concerned now than in the are past that students are not prepared for college mathematics, independent work, and critical thinking. more Young people who identify with labels such as hood, loser, or druggie are likely to develop a negative identity Kohlberg's view of moral development focuses on the behavioral aspects of morality. false The structure of identity has two components. What are they? Content and evaluation Paul has changed his major twice. He has had several summer jobs and is considering another type of internship next year. With respect to his occupational identity, we would say he is engaging in role experimentation refers to a period of experimentation and freedom from daily expectations for role performance. Psychosocial moratorium Most college students attend colleges far from home in order to achieve autonomy. false A secure attachment to parents, based on a perception of them as committed to their child's well being, is essential for growth toward independence. true In many of the measures of identity development, vocational choice, political and religious ideologies, and gender role or interpersonal values comprise the foundational content areas. Lack of funds can lead students to both live at home and work more hours. Which of the following involves the ability to select and guide one's decisions and actions, without undue control from or dependence on parents? Autonomy In the case of Houston A. Baker, Jr., what aspect of his identity process is revealed? His commitment to the pursuit of intellectual creativity The college curriculum can help advance moral reasoning because students experience differing points of view Many young people come to college ready to engage in a period of questioning and personal experimentation. They suspend the need to make commitments. This is described as psychosocial moratorium. A person who develops complex decision-making strategies, gains access to career-related information, and archives self-insight about career-related goals is said to have achieved career maturity. Moral judgment changes from early school age to later adolescence in that in later adolescence, there is more emphasis on principles of social responsibility Which behavior would NOT be considered a positive post-divorce coping strategy? Reminiscing about the former spouse Pressure to marry within a religion or culture is called endogamy. true In the work trajectory, getting hired, being promoted, and retirement are examples of life course transitions. According to the metaphor of a three-dimensional space to describe lifestyle, the dimension of depth stand for a sense of purpose and meaning Which of the following factors appears to play an important role in the mate selection process today as partners determine their similarity? Agreement about the balance of work and family roles What is the relationship between personal identity and intimacy? Couples who worked on identity are more likely to experience high levels of intimacy Men who entered fatherhood at a later age (after 30), when compared to young and on-time fathers, were considered more involved in parenthood. A tenuous personal identity is likely to stand in the way of achieving intimacy Which of the following are considered developmental tasks of early adulthood? Exploration of intimate relationships In Maslow's theory, _ is a motive that urges person to make optimal use of his/her potential to become a more effective, creative participant in daily life. self-actualization What is an essential process that promotes growth in Rogers' theory of personality development? Experiencing and accepting the authentic self Which of the following may occur during Phase II of the mate selection process and could lead to termination of the relationship? Negative self-disclosure Childbearing is considered a developmental task associated with what life stage? Early adulthood After the birth of a child, conflictual marriages show an increase in marriage satisfaction. false In a study of four decades of trends associated with having children, in the 1980s and 1990s people viewed childbearing
as more of an option than an obligation. Discuss the challenges and benefits of the dual earner marriage and consider the impact of these challenges and benefits for marital stability. As mentioned in the text, four benefits include involvement in multiple roles, the participation of both partners in the workforce, success in one role can buffer each person against negative experiences in other roles, and involvement in similar roles provides husbands and wives with a shard frame of reference. All of these benefits can contribute to marital happiness. Some challenges of dual-earner marriage include finding a relative balance of power and demands for household labor for two partners. Couples may struggle to find equality in household chores along with developing work/life balance. Other challenges include role overload and finding time in schedules for one another. All of these challenges can contribute to psychological and marital distress. The advantages of the dual-earner, multiple-role lifestyle can be offset when one or both partners experience role overload Perceived discrimination undermines psychological wellbeing for women, but not for men. true From a psychosocial perspective, what are the factors that may contribute to the high divorce rate for couples who marry before age 20? There is a greater incidence of premarital pregnancy, dropping out of school, and lower-paying employment, which all contribute to the likelihood of divorce. Also, not achieving developmental needs is also a great risk factor. There is a greater difference in development between people who marry younger and later including having goals and commitments, maturation of executive functions, integration of one's morality, and opportunities to establish significant relations to community supports. Which category is LEAST associated with the feelings of loneliness? Nonverbal As a general rule, how would you characterize the kinds of jobs that are available to people who leave high school without a diploma or who do not go to school beyond high school? Unstable and supervised by rigid autocratic employers Living arrangements for 18-24 year-olds changed from the 1960s to the present because fewer 18-24 year-olds are married and living in their own households today. The theoretical construct of identity status assumes a developmental progression. According to this view, a person who has been categorized as in a period of moratorium could never accurately be described at a later time as identity foreclosed. The term goal affordances refers to the goals viewed as likely to be achieved in certain careers. In order for later adolescents to be successful in achieving autonomy, there must be a context of mutual caring, emotional support, and differentiation in the family. John has dropped out of college. The most likely consequence will be that his marriage prospects will be impacted. The term private self refers to a sense of being the originator of one's thoughts. Based on research about the relationship of parental attachment and adaptation to college, _ students had the most difficulty adapting to college during their first year. dismissive If you were a career counselor working with a college student, which of the following suggestions would you be unlikely to give the student? Avoid being confused by talking to a lot of people. Gender role expectations can only change over several generations. false Which factors do high school and college students say played the greatest role in career decision-making? Individual factors such as abilities and interests Kohlberg's view of moral development focuses on the behavioral aspects of morality. false In a survey of entering college freshmen, which of the following life objectives was more important to women than to men? Helping others who are in difficulty According to Gilligan, women's reasoning about moral situations differs from that of men in which of the following ways? Women are more sensitive than men to the interpersonal context and one's responsibility for others. Which of the following statement about gender and identity is most accurate? Few gender differences in identity status have been discovered. The private self includes a sense of unity and decentering true Transsexuals develop a gender identity that reflects their biological features. false Most college students attend colleges far from home in order to achieve autonomy. false Tiedeman has created a model for career decision making in which there are _ phases seven The core pathology of later adolescence is repudiation. This refers to a hostile rejection of ideas and groups that do not adhere to one's own beliefs. In later adolescence, work on identity requires _ various sources of content and deciding which elements have the greatest importance. integrating The kind of moral reasoning that is dominated by concerns for the maintenance of the existing rule structure and respect for authority is called conventional How is physical appearance related to gender identity? People who are dissatisfied with their appearance expect to be rejected by the opposite sex. Under what conditions are parents most likely to be willing to provide financial support to their child in later adolescence? While a child is single and attending college Of the various identity statuses, which one is most likely to be associated with tendencies toward procrastination, hostility, and disagreeableness? identity confusion What is the basic idea behind Tiedeman's model of career decision-making? There is a continuous interaction between the work context and self-understanding about career goals. Which of the following is considered a criticism of Kohlberg's theory of moral development?
It is based on a method emphasizing prohibitive moral judgments. What is the relationship between sexual orientation and gender identity? Sexual orientation does not predict gender identity. Students in the top 10% in high school class rankings will _ in college. quite possibly earn Cs and Ds According to research, which couples are able to maintain their relationship quality in the face of economic distress? Those who exhibited cooperative, mutually respectful problem-solving strategies Which statement about couples who decide to remain childless is most accurate? They are increasingly common in the U.S. and other industrialized nations. Michelle graduated from high school last month. She is preparing for her freshmen year in college. Michelle's preparation for her first year in college is an example of which of the following life course terms? Transition Cohabitation may be a prelude to marriage or an alternative to marriage. true Although income, occupation, and education are important predictors of divorce, when you ask couples about the major cause for their divorce, they frequently cite problems in communication. White's term competence motivation refers to behaviors motivated by desire to achieve a sense of mastery. Among the factors that contribute to social integration, which one is related to a high divorce rate? High population change In the partner selection process, role compatibility refers to a sense that the two partners approach a situation in ways that work well together. The first few years of a committed relationship involve a process of mutual adaptation. Data about divorce suggest that the probability of divorce is highest during the first years of marriage Wilson and Juanita are both employed and have recently married. Based on the text readings about marital adjustment, what assumptions will they need to re-examine? The division of labor in the family When workers are organized into teams, a competitive orientation is likely to be fostered The ability to experience an open, supportive, tender relationship with another person without fear of losing one's identity is called intimacy To whom do gay and lesbian couples most often turn to validate and encourage their relationships? Other members of the gay and lesbian community What is the biggest challenge in an individual's transition from the welfare system? Finding a job with a salary that meets basic living expenses The central process through which intimacy
is mutuality among peers. Raymond and Ayesha met for dinner at their favorite restaurant after work. After dating for four months, they were discussing childhood memories and family goals. Based on this information, what phase in the mate selection process are they in? Phase II Which of the following is most accurate concerning differences in the communication styles of men and women? Women tend to want to talk things out so everyone feels comfortable. Which of the following statements is one of the results of research by Ryff, Keyes, & Hughes on psychological well-being in midlife? Minority status is associated with many indicators of strength for men and women. In a study of four decades of trends associated with having children, in the 1980s and 1990s people viewed childbearing as more of an option than an obligation. In the mate selection process, men tend to emphasize _ while women tend to emphasize _ in their attraction to a partner physical appearance; social status In a cross-national comparison of cohabitation, Heuveline and Timberlake found six types of cohabiting relationships. Which of the following is considered a characteristic of people who have experienced one or more inter ethnic dating relationships? They have an ethnically diverse group of friends. Which of the following statements most accurately describes trends in the age of marriage? people are marrying at later ages Compared to heterosexual wives, women in lesbian relationships report greater satisfaction with their sexual activity and greater dissatisfaction with relationship inequalities. Which of the following factors appears to play an important role in the mate selection process today as partners determine their similarity? Agreement about the balance of work and family roles A consensual union is considered a(n) type of informal marriage. How do sexual disorders contribute to the psychosocial crisis of isolation? People with sexual disorders have difficulty integrating sexuality into meaningful, close relationships. The group of people who are roughly the same age during a particular historical period are referred to as a cohort Among the Gusii tribe in Kenya, the goal of reproduction is to have children as frequently as possible. In the work trajectory, getting hired, being promoted, and retirement are examples of life course transitions Of the four types of communication styles, what style do husbands and wives agree is most desirable? Contactful The principle of _ suggests that people are attracted to others who share important areas of similarity. homogamy Sets with similar termspsych 238 exam 184 terms Colleen_Doyle87 Individual Family Development Midterm Exam40 terms taytaykaka3456PLUS Psych Exam 155 terms emma_hutchinson8 Newman Chapter 242 terms sarah_pikna Other sets by this creator04202 terms iimdoublesided final exam220 terms iimdoublesided 425 exam 468 terms iimdoublesided SWRK 425 Exam 357 terms iimdoublesided Verified questions
PSYCHOLOGY a. What roles do the self and free choice play in humanistic psychology? b. How can the process of acculturation have both positive and negative effects on self-esteem? c. Which factors do you think have the greatest influence on shaping a teenager's personality: free choice and individual action, or sociocultural factors such as ethnicity, gender, and culture? Explain. Verified answer QUESTION Carly's therapist asks her to simply say what is on her mind rather than responding to specific questions or topics. Her therapist is making use of a technique known as a. the ego. b. self-efficacy. c. sublimation. d. free association. e. identification. Verified answer QUESTION In a research study, Dr. Regalis has participants listen to different kinds of music while she uses a brain scan to examine their brain functioning. Dr. Regalis is most likely studying which part of the brain? a. Temporal lobe. b. Occipital lobe. c. Broca's area. d. Motor cortex. e. Corpus callosum. Verified answer PSYCHOLOGY Why did some images seem confusing to Kenge? Verified answer Other Quizlet setsPsych 12 Inquizitive chp 1046 terms laureny415 Ped exam 2 Important info113 terms lindsay_danielle1 Exploring the World of Business Midterm Review31 terms Elyse_2 Disorders of Secondary Hemostasis56 terms javierhoward Related questionsQUESTION What is assimilation with an infant? 2 answers QUESTION which stage of prenatal development is MOST important? 9 answers QUESTION Amir is 18 months old. According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, he is in which stage? 15 answers QUESTION Callie is learning about the psychoanalytic perspective and understands there are three parts to the personality. According to Freud, they are the 7 answers Which of the following teaching strategies is most consistent with Vygotsky's sociocultural theory?Which of the following teaching practices is most consistent with Vygotsky's sociocultural theory? Presenting children with tasks that vary in difficulty to determine the best level to begin instruction.
Which of the following statements is considered a strength of Erikson's theory of psychosocial stages?which of the following statements is considered a strength of Erikson's theory of psychosocial stages? stages incorporate biological and societal influences.
Which of the following statements is considered an assumption of Piaget's cognitive development theory?Which of the following statements is considered an assumption of Piaget's cognitive development theory? The roots of cognition lie in an infant's biological capacities.
What is the best general definition of the concept of a psychosocial crisis?psychosocial crisis. A predictable life tension that arises as people experience some conflict between their own competencies and the expectations of their society.
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Which of the following psychosocial theory concepts is most similar to Vygotskys zone of proximal development?
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